https://old.hacdc.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Myersjustinc 2026-05-07T16:03:08Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.39.3 https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Licensing_Exams&diff=10687 2014-06-22T20:13:34Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Struck sessions that already had occurred</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Amateur Radio]]<br /> <br /> HacDC offers a few test sessions throughout the year in order to help people get their [[amateur radio]] licenses.<br /> <br /> To learn more or to preregister (not required, but encouraged), email [[User:myersjustinc|Justin]] at justin@justinmyers.net.<br /> <br /> There is no fee to take a licensing exam at HacDC.<br /> <br /> 2014 test dates:<br /> <br /> * &lt;del&gt;[http://www.meetup.com/hac-dc/events/160901402/ March 15]&lt;/del&gt;<br /> * &lt;del&gt;[http://www.meetup.com/hac-dc/events/160901522/ June 21]&lt;/del&gt;<br /> * [http://www.meetup.com/hac-dc/events/160901572/ November 8]<br /> <br /> Exams start at 12:30 p.m., but please arrive by noon to ensure all of your registration paperwork is completed properly.</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Annual_Meeting_2014&diff=10351 2014-03-11T22:02:16Z

<p>Myersjustinc: /* Member Reports */ Added Justin&#039;s report on ham radio exams</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Meeting Minutes]]<br /> == Purpose ==<br /> <br /> From the HacDC Bylaws, Article III, Section 2:<br /> :At the annual meeting, the voting members shall elect the Board of Directors, review and vote on the standing rules and policies of the corporation, receive reports on the activities of the corporation, approve the budget and determine the direction of corporation in the coming year.<br /> <br /> This meeting will also serve as the monthly meeting for the month of March.<br /> <br /> == Time and Location == <br /> March 11, 2014<br /> <br /> Meeting called to order at ____ by ____<br /> <br /> Members Present:<br /> <br /> Others Present: <br /> <br /> [[Quorum]] met?<br /> <br /> == Approval of Previous Meeting's Minutes ==<br /> [[Regular Member Meeting 2014 02 11]]<br /> <br /> == Recognition ==<br /> Thanks to Evan and Zack for their work on the laser cutter.<br /> <br /> == Director Reports ==<br /> <br /> === President's Report ===<br /> <br /> As reported last month, the BoD has approved accepting the donation of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The SEM is now ready to be picked up and we have about three weeks to collect it. It is currently in Norfolk, VA and is a large, heavy piece of equipment. We will need to rent/borrow a truck (ideally one with a lift-gate) to transport it up to HacDC, and we'll need several strong volunteers to help us load, and unload the truck (including bringing it up the stairs and into the workshop). Additionally, we will need some help making space for it in the workshop. We are currently shooting for Saturday, March 29th.<br /> <br /> === Vice President's Report ===<br /> <br /> <br /> === Treasurer's Report ===<br /> <br /> Here is the financial summary spreadsheet for February 2014: [[File:HacDC_Financials_2014_02.pdf]]. We gained two members in the last month: Elizabeth Smith and Ariam Mogos. We lost two members in the last month: Tim Dixon and Nick Mapsy. We have 46 dues-paying members in good standing, two permanently dues-waived members, four temporarily dues-waived members, and five members who are behind on dues.<br /> <br /> ==== Project Awesome ====<br /> <br /> Here is the Project Awesome spreadsheet for February: [[File:HacDC_PA_Projects-2014_02.pdf]]. Once again we are in the red for the month, so there is no Project Awesome dividend. :(<br /> <br /> === Secretary's Report ===<br /> <br /> <br /> === Director-at-Large Reports ===<br /> <br /> <br /> == [[:Category:Project_Awesome|Project Awesome]] Reports ==<br /> <br /> === Project LASER ===<br /> <br /> === Project BYZANTIUM ===<br /> <br /> Nothing new to report.<br /> <br /> === Project KITBUILD ===<br /> <br /> === Project SUPPLIES ===<br /> <br /> === Project EXPANSION ===<br /> <br /> === Project SPACECAM ===<br /> <br /> == Member Reports ==<br /> <br /> === Justin Myers ===<br /> <br /> Quick reminder that our first [http://larcmd.org/vec/ Laurel]-accredited ham radio licensing [[Licensing Exams|exam session]] starts at noon [http://www.meetup.com/hac-dc/events/160901402/ March 22] (a week from this coming Saturday). Review/questions are welcome at tomorrow's (March 12) HARC meeting.<br /> <br /> If you're interested in getting licensed, take your exams here for free! Other exam dates this year: [http://www.meetup.com/hac-dc/events/160901522/ June 21] and [http://www.meetup.com/hac-dc/events/160901572/ Nov. 8].<br /> <br /> We also need more examiners who can help out at these sessions; if you're already licensed (General or above) and want to help, let me know.<br /> <br /> == Old Business ==<br /> Provide Martin a keyholding honorary (nonpaying) membership.<br /> <br /> == New Business ==<br /> Approve Article IV of the [[Proposed_Standing_Rules#Article_IV:_Meetings|Proposed Standing Rules]]. This codifies our existing policies and empowers the BoD to reschedule member meetings for the following week in the event that an emergency (such as weather) forces the cancellation of a scheduled meeting.<br /> <br /> == Board of Directors Elections ==<br /> === President ===<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Vice-President ===<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Treasurer ===<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Secretary ===<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === At-Large Directors (two) ===<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == New Members ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Adjournment ==<br /> <br /> Adjourned at _____</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Licensing_Exams&diff=10166 2014-01-16T15:14:45Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Added Meetup links for exam sessions</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Amateur Radio]]<br /> <br /> HacDC offers a few test sessions throughout the year in order to help people get their [[amateur radio]] licenses.<br /> <br /> To learn more or to preregister (not required, but encouraged), email [[User:myersjustinc|Justin]] at justin@justinmyers.net.<br /> <br /> There is no fee to take a licensing exam at HacDC.<br /> <br /> 2014 test dates:<br /> <br /> * [http://www.meetup.com/hac-dc/events/160901402/ March 15]<br /> * [http://www.meetup.com/hac-dc/events/160901522/ June 21]<br /> * [http://www.meetup.com/hac-dc/events/160901572/ November 8]<br /> <br /> Exams start at 12:30 p.m., but please arrive by noon to ensure all of your registration paperwork is completed properly.</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Category:Amateur_Radio&diff=10165 2014-01-16T05:23:11Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Added link to exam info</p> <hr /> <div>'''HacDC Amateur Radio Club (W3HAC) <br /> <br /> Regular meetings 2nd Wednesdays @ 7:30 pm<br /> <br /> Please check the HacDC.org Meetup Calendar for next meeting agenda <br /> <br /> Join our email list [https://groups.google.com/a/hacdc.org/group/harc-list/subscribe email list]<br /> <br /> '''HacDC ARC inaugural Field Day June 22-23, 2013! Stay tuned for details!''' <br /> <br /> <br /> '''<br /> [[Amateur_radio_station |Radio Station W3HAC Information]]<br /> [[HARC_Projects |Ongoing and Proposed Projects]]<br /> [[Meeting_Records |Meeting Records]]<br /> <br /> '''Links:'''<br /> Our new 20m (14MHz) rooftop vertical antenna<br /> [http://www.hacdc.org/2012/08/new-amateur-radio-antenna/ Rooftop antenna]<br /> <br /> Our space program<br /> [http://wiki.hacdc.org/index.php/Category:Spaceblimp Spaceblimp]<br /> <br /> Your friendly local ARRL: info on everything radio - <br /> [http://www.arrl.org/getting-your-technician-license license preparation, etc.]<br /> [http://www.arrl.org/finding-an-exam-session local test times]<br /> <br /> Technician class Q &amp; A's <br /> [http://www.ncvec.org/downloads/Revised%20Element%202.Pdf Starts on page 7]<br /> [[Prepping the Ham Exams]]<br /> <br /> [[Licensing Exams|Take your ham exam at HacDC!]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Member interests/activities:'''<br /> creating interest &amp; education in amateur radio (getting HacDC members licensed)<br /> equipment design, building, and tinkering (setting up HacDC station/repeater)<br /> APRS (antenna tracker, spaceblimp microcontroller tracker/digipeater)<br /> spaceblimp/nanosat/cubesat (tracking, attitude control system, photography)<br /> HF digital modes &amp; beacon systems<br /> spread spectrum<br /> software defined radio<br /> microwave/high power wifi<br /> direction finding &amp; fox hunting<br /> emergency operations<br /> <br /> [[Category:Ongoing_Projects]]</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Licensing_Exams&diff=10164 2014-01-16T05:19:38Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Added category, cost</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Amateur Radio]]<br /> <br /> HacDC offers a few test sessions throughout the year in order to help people get their [[amateur radio]] licenses.<br /> <br /> To learn more or to preregister (not required, but encouraged), email [[User:myersjustinc|Justin]] at justin@justinmyers.net.<br /> <br /> There is no fee to take a licensing exam at HacDC.<br /> <br /> 2014 test dates:<br /> <br /> * March 15<br /> * June 21<br /> * November 8<br /> <br /> Exams start at 12:30 p.m., but please arrive by noon to ensure all of your registration paperwork is completed properly.</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Licensing_Exams&diff=10163 2014-01-16T05:16:02Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Created page and listed 2014 dates</p> <hr /> <div>HacDC offers a few test sessions throughout the year in order to help people get their [[amateur radio]] licenses.<br /> <br /> To learn more or to preregister (not required, but encouraged), email [[User:myersjustinc|Justin]] at justin@justinmyers.net.<br /> <br /> 2014 test dates:<br /> <br /> * March 15<br /> * June 21<br /> * November 8<br /> <br /> Exams start at 12:30 p.m., but please arrive by noon to ensure all of your registration paperwork is completed properly.</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Prusa_Mendel_Operators_Log&diff=10133 2014-01-14T02:35:42Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Added new print</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:PrusaMendel]]<br /> '''When you use the Prusa Mendel, please add notes here. Newest at top.'''<br /> <br /> * Printed [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:216153/ a piece for my Printrbot's new extruder], and all went well. Forgot just how long the &quot;Quality&quot; setting takes, but I had the time to spare. (myersjustinc, 2014-01-13)<br /> <br /> * Printer returned yesterday. Applied new double pane glass, alignment is excellent. This means good adhesion across the entire print surface and high resolution output. Also, support material has been configured and tested, enable as necessary. [[User:Mirage335|Mirage335]] ([[User talk:Mirage335|talk]]) 13:10, 5 January 2014 (PST)<br /> <br /> * New version of pronterface seems to be helping with the crashing. More Slic3r fixes have improved quality for small parts. Delaying printer return until Saturday to test ABS printing, build more spare parts, enable support material, and possibly recompile firmware. [[User:Mirage335|Mirage335]] ([[User talk:Mirage335|talk]]) 20:24, 1 January 2014 (PST)<br /> <br /> * Maintenance in progress. So far, extruder has been replaced, failed wooden groovemount swapped out for a new aluminum groovemount, bed has been leveled by a printed mat, and various Slic3r tweaks have been applied. End result is '''vastly superior print quality''', probably above what was originally achieved. Unfortunately, pronterface software is now crashing in the middle of print jobs. If this can't be fixed, new firmware will be needed to enable fully embedded printing from SD card. [[User:Mirage335|Mirage335]] ([[User talk:Mirage335|talk]]) 11:31, 1 January 2014 (PST)<br /> <br /> * Started printing [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:194956/ an ornament], but I was silly and tried to close Slic3r while the print was going on, so the laptop (and therefore the print) hung. Wasted some time, but the print was going great until then. (myersjustinc 2013-12-16)<br /> <br /> * Unfortunately, severe icy weather is keeping me and the filament spools away from HacDC for tomorrow. [[User:Mirage335|Mirage335]] ([[User talk:Mirage335|talk]]) 18:06, 7 December 2013 (PST)<br /> <br /> * PLA plastic filament, 2 1kg reels, will be delivered to HacDC ASAP, probably this weekend. Vastly improved replacement glass bed finished, leveled, bolted down, tested to 95C, and used to print a PLA object. Similar high-thickness polycarbonate bed also available. ABS printing should now be achievable. Additionally, a replacement polycarbonate groovemount is ready for CNC milling. The net is that Prusa Mendel should return to above factory condition performance within the week. [[User:Mirage335|Mirage335]] ([[User talk:Mirage335|talk]]) 11:12, 3 December 2013 (PST)<br /> <br /> * Pronterface has had two crashes in the middle of jobs, independent of laptop. Suspect lack of priority to be at fault, increased nice priority to compensate. PLA plastic filament is out, 2 1kg reels are on the way. ABS printing has been tested, however, the bed cannot get hot enough for the plastic to stick (80C achieved, need &gt;105C). Replacement glass bed nearly finished, diamond cutter and dremel glass drilling tools tested successfully. [[User:Mirage335|Mirage335]] ([[User talk:Mirage335|talk]]) 22:30, 25 November 2013 (PST)<br /> <br /> * New operating system loaded onto dedicated laptop. Improved stability and speed, dual monitor support, KDE based UI (goodbye unity!) and other fixes. (mirage335 2013-10-29)<br /> <br /> * Thank you all for putting the printer to good use. Please note the bed temperature sensor must be properly taped to the glass to work. Smoothing out the tape holding the glass bed helps too. Also, it is normal for starting temperature to be 53C or so, and decrease when fans engage. Finally, a new glass bed has been ordered to alleviate first-layer issues, which largely account for extrusion width problems. (mirage335 2013-10-15)<br /> <br /> * Printed a [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:50544/ simple stand] with similar heated bed issues to my Aug. 14 report, but no issues at all with the resulting print. (myersjustinc 2013-09-30)<br /> <br /> * Worked beautifully. (Rob 2013-09-06)<br /> <br /> * I've tried several prints over the last two days, with really inconsistent results. It looks to my inexperienced eye like the flow is narrower than it should be. When I checked the Prusa Mendel manual on how to clean the nozzle, it sounded like there were a lot of ways to break it if you do it wrong, so I did not want to try. (Rob 2013-08-30)<br /> <br /> * Worked fine; no issues. (Rob 2013-08-22)<br /> <br /> * Worked great, but heated bed never got up to temp. (I tend to print with first-layer temps of 0 to avoid the wait, so it didn't hold me up.) Used 55 C set point, got up to 53 before I started the print, but stayed closer to 45 throughout the print itself (about 30 minutes). Otherwise fully operational. (myersjustinc 2013-08-14).<br /> <br /> * Cautionary sign added to prevent further bed fouling incidents. Minor softload updates. Travel (non-print) speed increased, first layer extrusion increased slightly. Machine continues operating reliably, printing without user assistance. (mirage335 2013-08-03).<br /> <br /> * Dedicated laptop softload updated (mirage335 2013-06-28).<br /> <br /> * Old glass bed fractured. Temporarily replaced with another glass pane. Intend to replace with laser cut glass when possible. As seen [http://devdonkey.blogspot.ca/2013/04/custom-heated-build-platform-for-prusa.html here]. (mirage335 2013-06-21)<br /> <br /> * Stable. Fire-and-forget. (mirage335 2013-05-31)<br /> <br /> * Fully operational. No known problems. (mirage335 2013-05-17)<br /> <br /> * New hot end promptly donated by juri. Machine repaired, however, minor X-axis timing belt rubbing and Z-Axis end stop position need to be tested. (mirage335 2013-05-13)<br /> <br /> * Bowden extruder tested, with success. However, the hot-end finally clogged, stripping the PTFE tube out of its M6 bolt clamps at the cold end. A second incident ended my patience with the bowden extruder for now. Moreover, unclogging the hot-end was not entirely successful, and that hot-end now needs replacement. (mirage335 2013-05-12)<br /> <br /> * Replacement LM8UU bearings applied to X-Axis along with new X-carriage and zip tie X-axis belt tensioner. Performance greatly improved. Y-Axis replacement bearings will be applied soon. (mirage335 2013-05-05)<br /> <br /> * Machine operational. Small gear deformed, due to excessive room temperature. Gear replaced, extruder motor fan added to compensate. It is now clear that all three of the recent failures responsible for downtime likely occurred due to excessive ambient temperatures. (mirage335 2013-05-03)<br /> <br /> * New part installed. Machine operational. (mirage335 2013-05-02)<br /> <br /> * Machine barely functional. Replacement hot-end mount needed, and already CNC milled. Installation will be done ASAP. (mirage335 2013-04-29)<br /> <br /> * Machine functional. Still needs new software load and documentation (will be done this weekend). Use with care, and send M92 E855 for accurate extrusion. Also, more plastic as well as replacement and upgrade parts are on the way. (mirage335 2013-04-25)<br /> <br /> * Printing new extruder has proven difficult. Borrowing machine temporarily to complete repairs in a reasonable time. ETA Thursday. (mirage335 2013-04-21)<br /> <br /> * MACHINE NOT OPERATIONAL. New extruder must be installed and calibrated before machine can be recommissioned. Also, some of the linear bearings are badly worn, and must be replaced soon. On the upside, print bed standoffs have been eliminated in favor of rigid MDF backing. Bed leveling issues are practically eliminated. This dramatically improves print quality, reduces machine wear, and encourages newbie use (mirage335 2013-04-15).<br /> <br /> * No one is at fault for the gear failure. Occurred due to unusual slippage of stepper motor faceplate mounting screws, and subsequent poor contact between gears. Easily repaired by printing new gears. Printer will be operational again in a few days. (mirage335 2013-04-10)<br /> <br /> * Started to print again after previous issue, and about 30 minutes in drive gear for the extruder chipped, resulting in flecks of red plastic. This led to the larger extruder gear skipping and making a clicking noise. I was able to pause the printer within a few seconds of this occurring. The drive gear now appears damaged and the teeth-skipping problem persists. Settings at the time were 50mm/min. feed rate, recommended slid3r profiles, 175*C extruder temperature, green PLA, 45*C bed temperature. The print was progressing as expected up until that point. (plasma_ 2013-04-07)<br /> :* (warning, newbie response) Maybe 50mm/min at 175C is a bit much? I was using 40mm/min at 185C without problems. Do we have a table of temperature versus feedrate for PLA somewhere? (gatohaus, 2013-04-08)<br /> * Started a print of my own case. With help from eryc and haxwithaxe on IRC, discovered that the fans were causing rippling. Also noted that the PLA is low. Replaced white PLA spool with green. (plasma_ 2013-04-07)<br /> * Printed first piece of my own design. (filter holder for a spectrometer) Printer worked well. Had minor non-stick problem on first layer, but nothing significant. (gatohaus 2013-03-17)<br /> Check whether extruder is sufficiently close to polycarbonate bed. If all else fails (or you don't mind the extra work), just use paper tape. (mirage335)<br /> :* Thanks. And after inspecting the piece and reinspecting the model, I found something I don't understand. [[Image:3DP PELstand printed gatohaus.jpg|200px|right]] The top slots were supposed to be 14mm wide, but they're 11mm. All other dimensions came out fine. I re-checked the model and the STL file in 2 programs, all show the slot as 14mm wide. ??? (gatohaus)<br /> Slic3r sometimes creates perimeters inwards, changing the dimensions of such gaps. The best way to solve this is to adjust the model. If that is not an option, you can reduce &quot;Vertical shells -&gt; Perimeters&quot; to 1, reducing the error. Failing that, printing &quot;Robust&quot; will use no perimeters and solid infill - at the cost of extreme plastic consumption. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Printer has been working quite well again for a while now. (mirage335, 2013-03-11)<br /> <br /> * Been a while. Attempted to print an untested guitar pick model on poly bed, it failed. Switched to trying the old reliable dodecahedron, but it failed similarly. The nozzle was draggin trhough the layers and smushing everything around. Had a print head/print bed collision that unseated the z axis from it's nuts, attempted to re-level the z axis, and I think I did ok. Switched to glass bed, and definitely had less squishing, but the first layer wouldn't stick... I need help. (xaqrox, 2013-02-18)<br /> Sounds like you successfully dealt with some [http://wiki.hacdc.org/index.php/PrusaMendel#Print_Depth print depth issues] and then switched to glass bed. However, the glass bed is finicky about cleanliness, so try again with the polycarbonate bed. Failing that, try paper tape on the polycarbonate bed. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * New software load added to dedicated laptop. Wiki and machinery fully harmonized, efficiency and performance maximized. (mirage335, 2013-02-11)<br /> <br /> * Found PSU switched on. (mirage335, 2013-02-07)<br /> <br /> * Printed part of an [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:36321 earbud holder]. Print quality was great--no problems at all. (myersjustinc, 2013-02-04)<br /> <br /> * Proper spool mounting system and Z-axis constraints added. Print quality vastly improved. (mirage335, 2013-02-04)<br /> <br /> * Attempted to print UCK (universal connector kit) lego to krinkle block adapter with great difficulty due to stl weirdness. printed a whistle instead. it was uneventful. i had the fans peeled back though so i got a bit of droop on the primary hole and the speed (what was it) was a bit fast so it wasn't very tight. (haxwithaxe, 2012-01-23)<br /> <br /> * Some problems may be ambient temperature related. When the room is 52F (11C), plastic curling, extruder jams, and Z-axis endstop malfunction are more likely. Placing a space heater on medium heat (~750W) at least four feet from the RepRap helps. Usual concerns about space heaters apply, be safe. (mirage335, 12-31-2012)<br /> <br /> * Found loose bolts on end stops. Tightening the bolts and greasing part of the Z-axis endstop switch resolved previously mentioned homing issue. (mirage335, 12-28-2012)<br /> <br /> * Machine needed grease. Donated [http://reprap.org/wiki/Lubrication officially recommended grease]. Re-greased linear bearings and Z-axis threaded rods. (mirage335, 12-24-2012)<br /> <br /> * Z-axis end stop occasionally deviates from its typical 'double click' homing. This puts it too far above the printbed. Fortunately, this occurs rarely, and may be a software glitch. The workaround is to restart the print job until it works correctly. (mirage335, 12-23-2012)<br /> <br /> * Polycarbonate beds provided for RepRap. Glass bed still available. First layer adhesion vastly improved, bed leveling issues now far less critical. Enables easy printing of large (180x180mm) parts. Spare polycarbonate beds are exist, so users need not be too concerned about fouling. Paper tape may be used if necessary. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Thin paper provided for leveling. Place small strips under print bed to adjust height. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Existing power supply spontaneously failed in the middle of a job. Cautiously wired up new ATX 12V power supply, with help from juri_ . Also added 120mm fans, with cable ties (semi-permanent attachment) and gator clamps (to allow swinging the fans out of the way). Finally, achieved successful [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:12925 bridge tests], finding lower extrusion temperatures (165C vs 185C) improved print quality. (mirage335, 11-19-2012)<br /> <br /> * A user found the PLA filament almost entirely used up.<br /> <br /> * The Z-axis endstop has been moving slightly downward every time it is used. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Found printer bed deleveled again. Releveled, and now machine is happy-go-lucky. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Found the glass detached from the heater bed, Z-axis badly askew, and Z-axis end-stop repositioned. Performance degraded to worse than the old makerbot, but was repaired after much wasted plastic and lost time. Also added paper tape to front of printing bed for safety. (mirage335, 9-23-2012)<br /> <br /> * Vastly better printing than makerbot. High precision, fast, easy to use, configurable. Extreme objects were tested successfully. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> Most ''minor glitches'' were on account of provided USB ''fan''. Overhang is best reduced by filleting[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fillet_(mechanics)] sharp edges and placing fan a few inches from to printer. However, strong wind may cause unusually tall and thin parts (ie. pencil-like) to print crooked; the fan should be placed at least a foot away in these cases. Fan itself should be externally powered, unplugging it from the laptop USB port disconnects the printer. Unplugging other devices (USB sticks) has no effect. Fan must rest on high-friction (eg. rubber) surface, or will slowly blow itself away. (mirage335, 9-15-2012)</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Prusa_Mendel_Operators_Log&diff=10056 2013-12-17T02:45:39Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Added print attempt</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:PrusaMendel]]<br /> '''When you use the Prusa Mendel, please add notes here. Newest at top.'''<br /> <br /> * Started printing [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:194956/ an ornament], but I was silly and tried to close Slic3r while the print was going on, so the laptop (and therefore the print) hung. Wasted some time, but the print was going great until then. (myersjustinc 2013-12-16)<br /> <br /> * Unfortunately, severe icy weather is keeping me and the filament spools away from HacDC for tomorrow. [[User:Mirage335|Mirage335]] ([[User talk:Mirage335|talk]]) 18:06, 7 December 2013 (PST)<br /> <br /> * PLA plastic filament, 2 1kg reels, will be delivered to HacDC ASAP, probably this weekend. Vastly improved replacement glass bed finished, leveled, bolted down, tested to 95C, and used to print a PLA object. Similar high-thickness polycarbonate bed also available. ABS printing should now be achievable. Additionally, a replacement polycarbonate groovemount is ready for CNC milling. The net is that Prusa Mendel should return to above factory condition performance within the week. [[User:Mirage335|Mirage335]] ([[User talk:Mirage335|talk]]) 11:12, 3 December 2013 (PST)<br /> <br /> * Pronterface has had two crashes in the middle of jobs, independent of laptop. Suspect lack of priority to be at fault, increased nice priority to compensate. PLA plastic filament is out, 2 1kg reels are on the way. ABS printing has been tested, however, the bed cannot get hot enough for the plastic to stick (80C achieved, need &gt;105C). Replacement glass bed nearly finished, diamond cutter and dremel glass drilling tools tested successfully. [[User:Mirage335|Mirage335]] ([[User talk:Mirage335|talk]]) 22:30, 25 November 2013 (PST)<br /> <br /> * New operating system loaded onto dedicated laptop. Improved stability and speed, dual monitor support, KDE based UI (goodbye unity!) and other fixes. (mirage335 2013-10-29)<br /> <br /> * Thank you all for putting the printer to good use. Please note the bed temperature sensor must be properly taped to the glass to work. Smoothing out the tape holding the glass bed helps too. Also, it is normal for starting temperature to be 53C or so, and decrease when fans engage. Finally, a new glass bed has been ordered to alleviate first-layer issues, which largely account for extrusion width problems. (mirage335 2013-10-15)<br /> <br /> * Printed a [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:50544/ simple stand] with similar heated bed issues to my Aug. 14 report, but no issues at all with the resulting print. (myersjustinc 2013-09-30)<br /> <br /> * Worked beautifully. (Rob 2013-09-06)<br /> <br /> * I've tried several prints over the last two days, with really inconsistent results. It looks to my inexperienced eye like the flow is narrower than it should be. When I checked the Prusa Mendel manual on how to clean the nozzle, it sounded like there were a lot of ways to break it if you do it wrong, so I did not want to try. (Rob 2013-08-30)<br /> <br /> * Worked fine; no issues. (Rob 2013-08-22)<br /> <br /> * Worked great, but heated bed never got up to temp. (I tend to print with first-layer temps of 0 to avoid the wait, so it didn't hold me up.) Used 55 C set point, got up to 53 before I started the print, but stayed closer to 45 throughout the print itself (about 30 minutes). Otherwise fully operational. (myersjustinc 2013-08-14).<br /> <br /> * Cautionary sign added to prevent further bed fouling incidents. Minor softload updates. Travel (non-print) speed increased, first layer extrusion increased slightly. Machine continues operating reliably, printing without user assistance. (mirage335 2013-08-03).<br /> <br /> * Dedicated laptop softload updated (mirage335 2013-06-28).<br /> <br /> * Old glass bed fractured. Temporarily replaced with another glass pane. Intend to replace with laser cut glass when possible. As seen [http://devdonkey.blogspot.ca/2013/04/custom-heated-build-platform-for-prusa.html here]. (mirage335 2013-06-21)<br /> <br /> * Stable. Fire-and-forget. (mirage335 2013-05-31)<br /> <br /> * Fully operational. No known problems. (mirage335 2013-05-17)<br /> <br /> * New hot end promptly donated by juri. Machine repaired, however, minor X-axis timing belt rubbing and Z-Axis end stop position need to be tested. (mirage335 2013-05-13)<br /> <br /> * Bowden extruder tested, with success. However, the hot-end finally clogged, stripping the PTFE tube out of its M6 bolt clamps at the cold end. A second incident ended my patience with the bowden extruder for now. Moreover, unclogging the hot-end was not entirely successful, and that hot-end now needs replacement. (mirage335 2013-05-12)<br /> <br /> * Replacement LM8UU bearings applied to X-Axis along with new X-carriage and zip tie X-axis belt tensioner. Performance greatly improved. Y-Axis replacement bearings will be applied soon. (mirage335 2013-05-05)<br /> <br /> * Machine operational. Small gear deformed, due to excessive room temperature. Gear replaced, extruder motor fan added to compensate. It is now clear that all three of the recent failures responsible for downtime likely occurred due to excessive ambient temperatures. (mirage335 2013-05-03)<br /> <br /> * New part installed. Machine operational. (mirage335 2013-05-02)<br /> <br /> * Machine barely functional. Replacement hot-end mount needed, and already CNC milled. Installation will be done ASAP. (mirage335 2013-04-29)<br /> <br /> * Machine functional. Still needs new software load and documentation (will be done this weekend). Use with care, and send M92 E855 for accurate extrusion. Also, more plastic as well as replacement and upgrade parts are on the way. (mirage335 2013-04-25)<br /> <br /> * Printing new extruder has proven difficult. Borrowing machine temporarily to complete repairs in a reasonable time. ETA Thursday. (mirage335 2013-04-21)<br /> <br /> * MACHINE NOT OPERATIONAL. New extruder must be installed and calibrated before machine can be recommissioned. Also, some of the linear bearings are badly worn, and must be replaced soon. On the upside, print bed standoffs have been eliminated in favor of rigid MDF backing. Bed leveling issues are practically eliminated. This dramatically improves print quality, reduces machine wear, and encourages newbie use (mirage335 2013-04-15).<br /> <br /> * No one is at fault for the gear failure. Occurred due to unusual slippage of stepper motor faceplate mounting screws, and subsequent poor contact between gears. Easily repaired by printing new gears. Printer will be operational again in a few days. (mirage335 2013-04-10)<br /> <br /> * Started to print again after previous issue, and about 30 minutes in drive gear for the extruder chipped, resulting in flecks of red plastic. This led to the larger extruder gear skipping and making a clicking noise. I was able to pause the printer within a few seconds of this occurring. The drive gear now appears damaged and the teeth-skipping problem persists. Settings at the time were 50mm/min. feed rate, recommended slid3r profiles, 175*C extruder temperature, green PLA, 45*C bed temperature. The print was progressing as expected up until that point. (plasma_ 2013-04-07)<br /> :* (warning, newbie response) Maybe 50mm/min at 175C is a bit much? I was using 40mm/min at 185C without problems. Do we have a table of temperature versus feedrate for PLA somewhere? (gatohaus, 2013-04-08)<br /> * Started a print of my own case. With help from eryc and haxwithaxe on IRC, discovered that the fans were causing rippling. Also noted that the PLA is low. Replaced white PLA spool with green. (plasma_ 2013-04-07)<br /> * Printed first piece of my own design. (filter holder for a spectrometer) Printer worked well. Had minor non-stick problem on first layer, but nothing significant. (gatohaus 2013-03-17)<br /> Check whether extruder is sufficiently close to polycarbonate bed. If all else fails (or you don't mind the extra work), just use paper tape. (mirage335)<br /> :* Thanks. And after inspecting the piece and reinspecting the model, I found something I don't understand. [[Image:3DP PELstand printed gatohaus.jpg|200px|right]] The top slots were supposed to be 14mm wide, but they're 11mm. All other dimensions came out fine. I re-checked the model and the STL file in 2 programs, all show the slot as 14mm wide. ??? (gatohaus)<br /> Slic3r sometimes creates perimeters inwards, changing the dimensions of such gaps. The best way to solve this is to adjust the model. If that is not an option, you can reduce &quot;Vertical shells -&gt; Perimeters&quot; to 1, reducing the error. Failing that, printing &quot;Robust&quot; will use no perimeters and solid infill - at the cost of extreme plastic consumption. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Printer has been working quite well again for a while now. (mirage335, 2013-03-11)<br /> <br /> * Been a while. Attempted to print an untested guitar pick model on poly bed, it failed. Switched to trying the old reliable dodecahedron, but it failed similarly. The nozzle was draggin trhough the layers and smushing everything around. Had a print head/print bed collision that unseated the z axis from it's nuts, attempted to re-level the z axis, and I think I did ok. Switched to glass bed, and definitely had less squishing, but the first layer wouldn't stick... I need help. (xaqrox, 2013-02-18)<br /> Sounds like you successfully dealt with some [http://wiki.hacdc.org/index.php/PrusaMendel#Print_Depth print depth issues] and then switched to glass bed. However, the glass bed is finicky about cleanliness, so try again with the polycarbonate bed. Failing that, try paper tape on the polycarbonate bed. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * New software load added to dedicated laptop. Wiki and machinery fully harmonized, efficiency and performance maximized. (mirage335, 2013-02-11)<br /> <br /> * Found PSU switched on. (mirage335, 2013-02-07)<br /> <br /> * Printed part of an [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:36321 earbud holder]. Print quality was great--no problems at all. (myersjustinc, 2013-02-04)<br /> <br /> * Proper spool mounting system and Z-axis constraints added. Print quality vastly improved. (mirage335, 2013-02-04)<br /> <br /> * Attempted to print UCK (universal connector kit) lego to krinkle block adapter with great difficulty due to stl weirdness. printed a whistle instead. it was uneventful. i had the fans peeled back though so i got a bit of droop on the primary hole and the speed (what was it) was a bit fast so it wasn't very tight. (haxwithaxe, 2012-01-23)<br /> <br /> * Some problems may be ambient temperature related. When the room is 52F (11C), plastic curling, extruder jams, and Z-axis endstop malfunction are more likely. Placing a space heater on medium heat (~750W) at least four feet from the RepRap helps. Usual concerns about space heaters apply, be safe. (mirage335, 12-31-2012)<br /> <br /> * Found loose bolts on end stops. Tightening the bolts and greasing part of the Z-axis endstop switch resolved previously mentioned homing issue. (mirage335, 12-28-2012)<br /> <br /> * Machine needed grease. Donated [http://reprap.org/wiki/Lubrication officially recommended grease]. Re-greased linear bearings and Z-axis threaded rods. (mirage335, 12-24-2012)<br /> <br /> * Z-axis end stop occasionally deviates from its typical 'double click' homing. This puts it too far above the printbed. Fortunately, this occurs rarely, and may be a software glitch. The workaround is to restart the print job until it works correctly. (mirage335, 12-23-2012)<br /> <br /> * Polycarbonate beds provided for RepRap. Glass bed still available. First layer adhesion vastly improved, bed leveling issues now far less critical. Enables easy printing of large (180x180mm) parts. Spare polycarbonate beds are exist, so users need not be too concerned about fouling. Paper tape may be used if necessary. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Thin paper provided for leveling. Place small strips under print bed to adjust height. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Existing power supply spontaneously failed in the middle of a job. Cautiously wired up new ATX 12V power supply, with help from juri_ . Also added 120mm fans, with cable ties (semi-permanent attachment) and gator clamps (to allow swinging the fans out of the way). Finally, achieved successful [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:12925 bridge tests], finding lower extrusion temperatures (165C vs 185C) improved print quality. (mirage335, 11-19-2012)<br /> <br /> * A user found the PLA filament almost entirely used up.<br /> <br /> * The Z-axis endstop has been moving slightly downward every time it is used. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Found printer bed deleveled again. Releveled, and now machine is happy-go-lucky. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Found the glass detached from the heater bed, Z-axis badly askew, and Z-axis end-stop repositioned. Performance degraded to worse than the old makerbot, but was repaired after much wasted plastic and lost time. Also added paper tape to front of printing bed for safety. (mirage335, 9-23-2012)<br /> <br /> * Vastly better printing than makerbot. High precision, fast, easy to use, configurable. Extreme objects were tested successfully. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> Most ''minor glitches'' were on account of provided USB ''fan''. Overhang is best reduced by filleting[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fillet_(mechanics)] sharp edges and placing fan a few inches from to printer. However, strong wind may cause unusually tall and thin parts (ie. pencil-like) to print crooked; the fan should be placed at least a foot away in these cases. Fan itself should be externally powered, unplugging it from the laptop USB port disconnects the printer. Unplugging other devices (USB sticks) has no effect. Fan must rest on high-friction (eg. rubber) surface, or will slowly blow itself away. (mirage335, 9-15-2012)</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Prusa_Mendel_Operators_Log&diff=9762 2013-10-01T00:54:51Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Added entry</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:PrusaMendel]]<br /> '''When you use the Prusa Mendel, please add notes here. Newest at top.'''<br /> * Printed a [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:50544/ simple stand] with similar heated bed issues to my Aug. 14 report, but no issues at all with the resulting print. (myersjustinc 2013-09-30)<br /> <br /> * Worked beautifully. (Rob 2013-09-06)<br /> <br /> * I've tried several prints over the last two days, with really inconsistent results. It looks to my inexperienced eye like the flow is narrower than it should be. When I checked the Prusa Mendel manual on how to clean the nozzle, it sounded like there were a lot of ways to break it if you do it wrong, so I did not want to try. (Rob 2013-08-30)<br /> <br /> * Worked fine; no issues. (Rob 2013-08-22)<br /> <br /> * Worked great, but heated bed never got up to temp. (I tend to print with first-layer temps of 0 to avoid the wait, so it didn't hold me up.) Used 55 C set point, got up to 53 before I started the print, but stayed closer to 45 throughout the print itself (about 30 minutes). Otherwise fully operational. (myersjustinc 2013-08-14).<br /> <br /> * Cautionary sign added to prevent further bed fouling incidents. Minor softload updates. Travel (non-print) speed increased, first layer extrusion increased slightly. Machine continues operating reliably, printing without user assistance. (mirage335 2013-08-03).<br /> <br /> * Dedicated laptop softload updated (mirage335 2013-06-28).<br /> <br /> * Old glass bed fractured. Temporarily replaced with another glass pane. Intend to replace with laser cut glass when possible. As seen [http://devdonkey.blogspot.ca/2013/04/custom-heated-build-platform-for-prusa.html here]. (mirage335 2013-06-21)<br /> <br /> * Stable. Fire-and-forget. (mirage335 2013-05-31)<br /> <br /> * Fully operational. No known problems. (mirage335 2013-05-17)<br /> <br /> * New hot end promptly donated by juri. Machine repaired, however, minor X-axis timing belt rubbing and Z-Axis end stop position need to be tested. (mirage335 2013-05-13)<br /> <br /> * Bowden extruder tested, with success. However, the hot-end finally clogged, stripping the PTFE tube out of its M6 bolt clamps at the cold end. A second incident ended my patience with the bowden extruder for now. Moreover, unclogging the hot-end was not entirely successful, and that hot-end now needs replacement. (mirage335 2013-05-12)<br /> <br /> * Replacement LM8UU bearings applied to X-Axis along with new X-carriage and zip tie X-axis belt tensioner. Performance greatly improved. Y-Axis replacement bearings will be applied soon. (mirage335 2013-05-05)<br /> <br /> * Machine operational. Small gear deformed, due to excessive room temperature. Gear replaced, extruder motor fan added to compensate. It is now clear that all three of the recent failures responsible for downtime likely occurred due to excessive ambient temperatures. (mirage335 2013-05-03)<br /> <br /> * New part installed. Machine operational. (mirage335 2013-05-02)<br /> <br /> * Machine barely functional. Replacement hot-end mount needed, and already CNC milled. Installation will be done ASAP. (mirage335 2013-04-29)<br /> <br /> * Machine functional. Still needs new software load and documentation (will be done this weekend). Use with care, and send M92 E855 for accurate extrusion. Also, more plastic as well as replacement and upgrade parts are on the way. (mirage335 2013-04-25)<br /> <br /> * Printing new extruder has proven difficult. Borrowing machine temporarily to complete repairs in a reasonable time. ETA Thursday. (mirage335 2013-04-21)<br /> <br /> * MACHINE NOT OPERATIONAL. New extruder must be installed and calibrated before machine can be recommissioned. Also, some of the linear bearings are badly worn, and must be replaced soon. On the upside, print bed standoffs have been eliminated in favor of rigid MDF backing. Bed leveling issues are practically eliminated. This dramatically improves print quality, reduces machine wear, and encourages newbie use (mirage335 2013-04-15).<br /> <br /> * No one is at fault for the gear failure. Occurred due to unusual slippage of stepper motor faceplate mounting screws, and subsequent poor contact between gears. Easily repaired by printing new gears. Printer will be operational again in a few days. (mirage335 2013-04-10)<br /> <br /> * Started to print again after previous issue, and about 30 minutes in drive gear for the extruder chipped, resulting in flecks of red plastic. This led to the larger extruder gear skipping and making a clicking noise. I was able to pause the printer within a few seconds of this occurring. The drive gear now appears damaged and the teeth-skipping problem persists. Settings at the time were 50mm/min. feed rate, recommended slid3r profiles, 175*C extruder temperature, green PLA, 45*C bed temperature. The print was progressing as expected up until that point. (plasma_ 2013-04-07)<br /> :* (warning, newbie response) Maybe 50mm/min at 175C is a bit much? I was using 40mm/min at 185C without problems. Do we have a table of temperature versus feedrate for PLA somewhere? (gatohaus, 2013-04-08)<br /> * Started a print of my own case. With help from eryc and haxwithaxe on IRC, discovered that the fans were causing rippling. Also noted that the PLA is low. Replaced white PLA spool with green. (plasma_ 2013-04-07)<br /> * Printed first piece of my own design. (filter holder for a spectrometer) Printer worked well. Had minor non-stick problem on first layer, but nothing significant. (gatohaus 2013-03-17)<br /> Check whether extruder is sufficiently close to polycarbonate bed. If all else fails (or you don't mind the extra work), just use paper tape. (mirage335)<br /> :* Thanks. And after inspecting the piece and reinspecting the model, I found something I don't understand. [[Image:3DP PELstand printed gatohaus.jpg|200px|right]] The top slots were supposed to be 14mm wide, but they're 11mm. All other dimensions came out fine. I re-checked the model and the STL file in 2 programs, all show the slot as 14mm wide. ??? (gatohaus)<br /> Slic3r sometimes creates perimeters inwards, changing the dimensions of such gaps. The best way to solve this is to adjust the model. If that is not an option, you can reduce &quot;Vertical shells -&gt; Perimeters&quot; to 1, reducing the error. Failing that, printing &quot;Robust&quot; will use no perimeters and solid infill - at the cost of extreme plastic consumption. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Printer has been working quite well again for a while now. (mirage335, 2013-03-11)<br /> <br /> * Been a while. Attempted to print an untested guitar pick model on poly bed, it failed. Switched to trying the old reliable dodecahedron, but it failed similarly. The nozzle was draggin trhough the layers and smushing everything around. Had a print head/print bed collision that unseated the z axis from it's nuts, attempted to re-level the z axis, and I think I did ok. Switched to glass bed, and definitely had less squishing, but the first layer wouldn't stick... I need help. (xaqrox, 2013-02-18)<br /> Sounds like you successfully dealt with some [http://wiki.hacdc.org/index.php/PrusaMendel#Print_Depth print depth issues] and then switched to glass bed. However, the glass bed is finicky about cleanliness, so try again with the polycarbonate bed. Failing that, try paper tape on the polycarbonate bed. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * New software load added to dedicated laptop. Wiki and machinery fully harmonized, efficiency and performance maximized. (mirage335, 2013-02-11)<br /> <br /> * Found PSU switched on. (mirage335, 2013-02-07)<br /> <br /> * Printed part of an [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:36321 earbud holder]. Print quality was great--no problems at all. (myersjustinc, 2013-02-04)<br /> <br /> * Proper spool mounting system and Z-axis constraints added. Print quality vastly improved. (mirage335, 2013-02-04)<br /> <br /> * Attempted to print UCK (universal connector kit) lego to krinkle block adapter with great difficulty due to stl weirdness. printed a whistle instead. it was uneventful. i had the fans peeled back though so i got a bit of droop on the primary hole and the speed (what was it) was a bit fast so it wasn't very tight. (haxwithaxe, 2012-01-23)<br /> <br /> * Some problems may be ambient temperature related. When the room is 52F (11C), plastic curling, extruder jams, and Z-axis endstop malfunction are more likely. Placing a space heater on medium heat (~750W) at least four feet from the RepRap helps. Usual concerns about space heaters apply, be safe. (mirage335, 12-31-2012)<br /> <br /> * Found loose bolts on end stops. Tightening the bolts and greasing part of the Z-axis endstop switch resolved previously mentioned homing issue. (mirage335, 12-28-2012)<br /> <br /> * Machine needed grease. Donated [http://reprap.org/wiki/Lubrication officially recommended grease]. Re-greased linear bearings and Z-axis threaded rods. (mirage335, 12-24-2012)<br /> <br /> * Z-axis end stop occasionally deviates from its typical 'double click' homing. This puts it too far above the printbed. Fortunately, this occurs rarely, and may be a software glitch. The workaround is to restart the print job until it works correctly. (mirage335, 12-23-2012)<br /> <br /> * Polycarbonate beds provided for RepRap. Glass bed still available. First layer adhesion vastly improved, bed leveling issues now far less critical. Enables easy printing of large (180x180mm) parts. Spare polycarbonate beds are exist, so users need not be too concerned about fouling. Paper tape may be used if necessary. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Thin paper provided for leveling. Place small strips under print bed to adjust height. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Existing power supply spontaneously failed in the middle of a job. Cautiously wired up new ATX 12V power supply, with help from juri_ . Also added 120mm fans, with cable ties (semi-permanent attachment) and gator clamps (to allow swinging the fans out of the way). Finally, achieved successful [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:12925 bridge tests], finding lower extrusion temperatures (165C vs 185C) improved print quality. (mirage335, 11-19-2012)<br /> <br /> * A user found the PLA filament almost entirely used up.<br /> <br /> * The Z-axis endstop has been moving slightly downward every time it is used. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Found printer bed deleveled again. Releveled, and now machine is happy-go-lucky. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Found the glass detached from the heater bed, Z-axis badly askew, and Z-axis end-stop repositioned. Performance degraded to worse than the old makerbot, but was repaired after much wasted plastic and lost time. Also added paper tape to front of printing bed for safety. (mirage335, 9-23-2012)<br /> <br /> * Vastly better printing than makerbot. High precision, fast, easy to use, configurable. Extreme objects were tested successfully. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> Most ''minor glitches'' were on account of provided USB ''fan''. Overhang is best reduced by filleting[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fillet_(mechanics)] sharp edges and placing fan a few inches from to printer. However, strong wind may cause unusually tall and thin parts (ie. pencil-like) to print crooked; the fan should be placed at least a foot away in these cases. Fan itself should be externally powered, unplugging it from the laptop USB port disconnects the printer. Unplugging other devices (USB sticks) has no effect. Fan must rest on high-friction (eg. rubber) surface, or will slowly blow itself away. (mirage335, 9-15-2012)</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Prusa_Mendel_Operators_Log&diff=9602 2013-08-14T19:40:52Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Added entry</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:PrusaMendel]]<br /> '''When you use the Prusa Mendel, please add notes here. Newest at top.'''<br /> <br /> * Worked great, but heated bed never got up to temp. (I tend to print with first-layer temps of 0 to avoid the wait, so it didn't hold me up.) Used 55 C set point, got up to 53 before I started the print, but stayed closer to 45 throughout the print itself (about 30 minutes). Otherwise fully operational. (myersjustinc 2013-08-14).<br /> <br /> * Cautionary sign added to prevent further bed fouling incidents. Minor softload updates. Travel (non-print) speed increased, first layer extrusion increased slightly. Machine continues operating reliably, printing without user assistance. (mirage335 2013-08-03).<br /> <br /> * Dedicated laptop softload updated (mirage335 2013-06-28).<br /> <br /> * Old glass bed fractured. Temporarily replaced with another glass pane. Intend to replace with laser cut glass when possible. As seen [http://devdonkey.blogspot.ca/2013/04/custom-heated-build-platform-for-prusa.html here]. (mirage335 2013-06-21)<br /> <br /> * Stable. Fire-and-forget. (mirage335 2013-05-31)<br /> <br /> * Fully operational. No known problems. (mirage335 2013-05-17)<br /> <br /> * New hot end promptly donated by juri. Machine repaired, however, minor X-axis timing belt rubbing and Z-Axis end stop position need to be tested. (mirage335 2013-05-13)<br /> <br /> * Bowden extruder tested, with success. However, the hot-end finally clogged, stripping the PTFE tube out of its M6 bolt clamps at the cold end. A second incident ended my patience with the bowden extruder for now. Moreover, unclogging the hot-end was not entirely successful, and that hot-end now needs replacement. (mirage335 2013-05-12)<br /> <br /> * Replacement LM8UU bearings applied to X-Axis along with new X-carriage and zip tie X-axis belt tensioner. Performance greatly improved. Y-Axis replacement bearings will be applied soon. (mirage335 2013-05-05)<br /> <br /> * Machine operational. Small gear deformed, due to excessive room temperature. Gear replaced, extruder motor fan added to compensate. It is now clear that all three of the recent failures responsible for downtime likely occurred due to excessive ambient temperatures. (mirage335 2013-05-03)<br /> <br /> * New part installed. Machine operational. (mirage335 2013-05-02)<br /> <br /> * Machine barely functional. Replacement hot-end mount needed, and already CNC milled. Installation will be done ASAP. (mirage335 2013-04-29)<br /> <br /> * Machine functional. Still needs new software load and documentation (will be done this weekend). Use with care, and send M92 E855 for accurate extrusion. Also, more plastic as well as replacement and upgrade parts are on the way. (mirage335 2013-04-25)<br /> <br /> * Printing new extruder has proven difficult. Borrowing machine temporarily to complete repairs in a reasonable time. ETA Thursday. (mirage335 2013-04-21)<br /> <br /> * MACHINE NOT OPERATIONAL. New extruder must be installed and calibrated before machine can be recommissioned. Also, some of the linear bearings are badly worn, and must be replaced soon. On the upside, print bed standoffs have been eliminated in favor of rigid MDF backing. Bed leveling issues are practically eliminated. This dramatically improves print quality, reduces machine wear, and encourages newbie use (mirage335 2013-04-15).<br /> <br /> * No one is at fault for the gear failure. Occurred due to unusual slippage of stepper motor faceplate mounting screws, and subsequent poor contact between gears. Easily repaired by printing new gears. Printer will be operational again in a few days. (mirage335 2013-04-10)<br /> <br /> * Started to print again after previous issue, and about 30 minutes in drive gear for the extruder chipped, resulting in flecks of red plastic. This led to the larger extruder gear skipping and making a clicking noise. I was able to pause the printer within a few seconds of this occurring. The drive gear now appears damaged and the teeth-skipping problem persists. Settings at the time were 50mm/min. feed rate, recommended slid3r profiles, 175*C extruder temperature, green PLA, 45*C bed temperature. The print was progressing as expected up until that point. (plasma_ 2013-04-07)<br /> :* (warning, newbie response) Maybe 50mm/min at 175C is a bit much? I was using 40mm/min at 185C without problems. Do we have a table of temperature versus feedrate for PLA somewhere? (gatohaus, 2013-04-08)<br /> * Started a print of my own case. With help from eryc and haxwithaxe on IRC, discovered that the fans were causing rippling. Also noted that the PLA is low. Replaced white PLA spool with green. (plasma_ 2013-04-07)<br /> * Printed first piece of my own design. (filter holder for a spectrometer) Printer worked well. Had minor non-stick problem on first layer, but nothing significant. (gatohaus 2013-03-17)<br /> Check whether extruder is sufficiently close to polycarbonate bed. If all else fails (or you don't mind the extra work), just use paper tape. (mirage335)<br /> :* Thanks. And after inspecting the piece and reinspecting the model, I found something I don't understand. [[Image:3DP PELstand printed gatohaus.jpg|200px|right]] The top slots were supposed to be 14mm wide, but they're 11mm. All other dimensions came out fine. I re-checked the model and the STL file in 2 programs, all show the slot as 14mm wide. ??? (gatohaus)<br /> Slic3r sometimes creates perimeters inwards, changing the dimensions of such gaps. The best way to solve this is to adjust the model. If that is not an option, you can reduce &quot;Vertical shells -&gt; Perimeters&quot; to 1, reducing the error. Failing that, printing &quot;Robust&quot; will use no perimeters and solid infill - at the cost of extreme plastic consumption. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Printer has been working quite well again for a while now. (mirage335, 2013-03-11)<br /> <br /> * Been a while. Attempted to print an untested guitar pick model on poly bed, it failed. Switched to trying the old reliable dodecahedron, but it failed similarly. The nozzle was draggin trhough the layers and smushing everything around. Had a print head/print bed collision that unseated the z axis from it's nuts, attempted to re-level the z axis, and I think I did ok. Switched to glass bed, and definitely had less squishing, but the first layer wouldn't stick... I need help. (xaqrox, 2013-02-18)<br /> Sounds like you successfully dealt with some [http://wiki.hacdc.org/index.php/PrusaMendel#Print_Depth print depth issues] and then switched to glass bed. However, the glass bed is finicky about cleanliness, so try again with the polycarbonate bed. Failing that, try paper tape on the polycarbonate bed. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * New software load added to dedicated laptop. Wiki and machinery fully harmonized, efficiency and performance maximized. (mirage335, 2013-02-11)<br /> <br /> * Found PSU switched on. (mirage335, 2013-02-07)<br /> <br /> * Printed part of an [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:36321 earbud holder]. Print quality was great--no problems at all. (myersjustinc, 2013-02-04)<br /> <br /> * Proper spool mounting system and Z-axis constraints added. Print quality vastly improved. (mirage335, 2013-02-04)<br /> <br /> * Attempted to print UCK (universal connector kit) lego to krinkle block adapter with great difficulty due to stl weirdness. printed a whistle instead. it was uneventful. i had the fans peeled back though so i got a bit of droop on the primary hole and the speed (what was it) was a bit fast so it wasn't very tight. (haxwithaxe, 2012-01-23)<br /> <br /> * Some problems may be ambient temperature related. When the room is 52F (11C), plastic curling, extruder jams, and Z-axis endstop malfunction are more likely. Placing a space heater on medium heat (~750W) at least four feet from the RepRap helps. Usual concerns about space heaters apply, be safe. (mirage335, 12-31-2012)<br /> <br /> * Found loose bolts on end stops. Tightening the bolts and greasing part of the Z-axis endstop switch resolved previously mentioned homing issue. (mirage335, 12-28-2012)<br /> <br /> * Machine needed grease. Donated [http://reprap.org/wiki/Lubrication officially recommended grease]. Re-greased linear bearings and Z-axis threaded rods. (mirage335, 12-24-2012)<br /> <br /> * Z-axis end stop occasionally deviates from its typical 'double click' homing. This puts it too far above the printbed. Fortunately, this occurs rarely, and may be a software glitch. The workaround is to restart the print job until it works correctly. (mirage335, 12-23-2012)<br /> <br /> * Polycarbonate beds provided for RepRap. Glass bed still available. First layer adhesion vastly improved, bed leveling issues now far less critical. Enables easy printing of large (180x180mm) parts. Spare polycarbonate beds are exist, so users need not be too concerned about fouling. Paper tape may be used if necessary. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Thin paper provided for leveling. Place small strips under print bed to adjust height. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Existing power supply spontaneously failed in the middle of a job. Cautiously wired up new ATX 12V power supply, with help from juri_ . Also added 120mm fans, with cable ties (semi-permanent attachment) and gator clamps (to allow swinging the fans out of the way). Finally, achieved successful [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:12925 bridge tests], finding lower extrusion temperatures (165C vs 185C) improved print quality. (mirage335, 11-19-2012)<br /> <br /> * A user found the PLA filament almost entirely used up.<br /> <br /> * The Z-axis endstop has been moving slightly downward every time it is used. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Found printer bed deleveled again. Releveled, and now machine is happy-go-lucky. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Found the glass detached from the heater bed, Z-axis badly askew, and Z-axis end-stop repositioned. Performance degraded to worse than the old makerbot, but was repaired after much wasted plastic and lost time. Also added paper tape to front of printing bed for safety. (mirage335, 9-23-2012)<br /> <br /> * Vastly better printing than makerbot. High precision, fast, easy to use, configurable. Extreme objects were tested successfully. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> Most ''minor glitches'' were on account of provided USB ''fan''. Overhang is best reduced by filleting[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fillet_(mechanics)] sharp edges and placing fan a few inches from to printer. However, strong wind may cause unusually tall and thin parts (ie. pencil-like) to print crooked; the fan should be placed at least a foot away in these cases. Fan itself should be externally powered, unplugging it from the laptop USB port disconnects the printer. Unplugging other devices (USB sticks) has no effect. Fan must rest on high-friction (eg. rubber) surface, or will slowly blow itself away. (mirage335, 9-15-2012)</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Prusa_Mendel_Operators_Log&diff=8911 2013-02-05T02:30:39Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Added own experience</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:PrusaMendel]]<br /> '''When you use the Prusa Mendel, please add notes here. Newest at top.'''<br /> <br /> * Printed part of an [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:36321 earbud holder]. Print quality was great--no problems at all. (myersjustinc, 2013-02-04)<br /> <br /> * Proper spool mounting system and Z-axis constraints added. Print quality vastly improved. (mirage335, 2013-02-04)<br /> <br /> * Attempted to print UCK (universal connector kit) lego to krinkle block adapter with great difficulty due to stl weirdness. printed a whistle instead. it was uneventful. i had the fans peeled back though so i got a bit of droop on the primary hole and the speed (what was it) was a bit fast so it wasn't very tight. (haxwithaxe, 2012-01-23)<br /> <br /> * Some problems may be ambient temperature related. When the room is 52F (11C), plastic curling, extruder jams, and Z-axis endstop malfunction are more likely. Placing a space heater on medium heat (~750W) at least four feet from the RepRap helps. Usual concerns about space heaters apply, be safe. (mirage335, 12-31-2012)<br /> <br /> * Found loose bolts on end stops. Tightening the bolts and greasing part of the Z-axis endstop switch resolved previously mentioned homing issue. (mirage335, 12-28-2012)<br /> <br /> * Machine needed grease. Donated [http://reprap.org/wiki/Lubrication officially recommended grease]. Re-greased linear bearings and Z-axis threaded rods. (mirage335, 12-24-2012)<br /> <br /> * Z-axis end stop occasionally deviates from its typical 'double click' homing. This puts it too far above the printbed. Fortunately, this occurs rarely, and may be a software glitch. The workaround is to restart the print job until it works correctly. (mirage335, 12-23-2012)<br /> <br /> * Polycarbonate beds provided for RepRap. Glass bed still available. First layer adhesion vastly improved, bed leveling issues now far less critical. Enables easy printing of large (180x180mm) parts. Spare polycarbonate beds are exist, so users need not be too concerned about fouling. Paper tape may be used if necessary. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Thin paper provided for leveling. Place small strips under print bed to adjust height. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Existing power supply spontaneously failed in the middle of a job. Cautiously wired up new ATX 12V power supply, with help from juri_ . Also added 120mm fans, with cable ties (semi-permanent attachment) and gator clamps (to allow swinging the fans out of the way). Finally, achieved successful [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:12925 bridge tests], finding lower extrusion temperatures (165C vs 185C) improved print quality. (mirage335, 11-19-2012)<br /> <br /> * A user found the PLA filament almost entirely used up.<br /> <br /> * The Z-axis endstop has been moving slightly downward every time it is used. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Found printer bed deleveled again. Releveled, and now machine is happy-go-lucky. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> * Found the glass detached from the heater bed, Z-axis badly askew, and Z-axis end-stop repositioned. Performance degraded to worse than the old makerbot, but was repaired after much wasted plastic and lost time. Also added paper tape to front of printing bed for safety. (mirage335, 9-23-2012)<br /> <br /> * Vastly better printing than makerbot. High precision, fast, easy to use, configurable. Extreme objects were tested successfully. (mirage335)<br /> <br /> Most ''minor glitches'' were on account of provided USB ''fan''. Overhang is best reduced by filleting[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fillet_(mechanics)] sharp edges and placing fan a few inches from to printer. However, strong wind may cause unusually tall and thin parts (ie. pencil-like) to print crooked; the fan should be placed at least a foot away in these cases. Fan itself should be externally powered, unplugging it from the laptop USB port disconnects the printer. Unplugging other devices (USB sticks) has no effect. Fan must rest on high-friction (eg. rubber) surface, or will slowly blow itself away. (mirage335, 9-15-2012)</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=User:Myersjustinc&diff=8882 2013-01-18T20:05:36Z

<p>Myersjustinc: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Members]]<br /> I'm a developer for [http://www.chronicle.com/ The Chronicle of Higher Education] and am usually around the space on Monday nights. I put together the most recent [[Intro to Electronics]] class.</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Intro_to_Electronics&diff=8657 2012-11-15T02:13:11Z

<p>Myersjustinc: /* Week 5: Digital logic */ Added links to slides</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> == Concept ==<br /> <br /> The idea behind this course structure is for six sessions held a week apart. In order to provide a tangible end for students to feel like they’re working toward, each week will have a project; students will be walked through building that project and completing it by the end of the session.<br /> <br /> In that sense, each week stands alone &amp;mdash; a project started in one week does not need a future week in order to be complete. That said, later projects will depend on the knowledge gained in previous projects, and some of them will even be based on previous projects. (For example, [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5’s project]] is a Larson scanner, and it uses [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4’s project]] &amp;mdash; a typical 555-based astable multivibrator circuit &amp;mdash; to provide its clock signal.)<br /> <br /> The course starts with a few basic circuit components (a voltage source, a resistor and an LED) and an explanation of typical prototyping equipment (breadboard and multimeter) and builds up to include regulated power supplies, basic optoelectronics and eventually digital logic.<br /> <br /> It does not (at least in this draft) include much in the way of detailed exploration of analog electronics; it’s intended more as an introduction to the field of hobbyist electronics as a whole and to an assortment of the basic components one might find in a variety of projects.<br /> <br /> Suggestions are, of course, welcome, as are other potential projects to use in place of some of the ones listed here. (In particular, a good introductory op-amp project might be handy to have.) I’ve listed [[Intro to Electronics#Components|component prices]] for 25 students; my goal would be to keep the cost per student at $25 or less &amp;mdash; preferably more in the $20 range.<br /> <br /> == Syllabus ==<br /> <br /> === Week 1: Getting familiar with components ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Light an LED with AA batteries and an on-off switch<br /> <br /> '''Slides:''' [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-Slides.pdf]]<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How is it organized?<br /> ** Why is it useful?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's a breadboard<br /> * LED<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Not at the P/N junction level<br /> *** Current goes in, light comes out<br /> *** Current only flows in one direction (diode!)<br /> *** Too much current = bad<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one into the breadboard<br /> * Battery<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Roughly constant voltage source for a while<br /> *** Discharges over time &amp;mdash; voltage decreases<br /> **** Definition of &quot;dead&quot;<br /> *** Maybe some chemistry? Doubtful, though<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Batteries (three or four AAs) in a holder<br /> *** Plug them into the breadboard<br /> * Switch<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Define poles and throws<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one (SPST) into the breadboard<br /> * Resistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law<br /> **** Units of measurement<br /> ***** Ohm<br /> ***** Ampere<br /> ***** Volt<br /> *** Non-polarized<br /> *** Describe color codes<br /> **** Give resources &amp;mdash; memorizing is a bit daunting right now, I imagine<br /> *** Tolerances &amp;mdash; nothing's perfect<br /> **** What does a &amp;plusmn;5% tolerance mean?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Pick a resistor and plug it in to the breadboard<br /> *** Select using Ohm's Law<br /> * Schematic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Symbols<br /> *** LED<br /> *** Battery (DC source)<br /> *** Switch<br /> *** Resistor<br /> *** Ground!<br /> **** Define ground<br /> ** Draw one<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Connect components to match [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-0-LED.svg|this schematic (tested April 2, 2012)]]<br /> *** Moment of truth: Turn it on!<br /> <br /> === Week 2: Test equipment ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a power supply<br /> <br /> '''Slides:''' [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-Slides.pdf]]<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Review units of measurement<br /> *** Ohm<br /> *** Ampere<br /> *** Volt<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Measure [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|last week's LED circuit]]<br /> *** Voltages at different nodes<br /> *** Current through LED branch?<br /> *** Resistance of current-limiting resistor<br /> * Voltage divider<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law!<br /> *** Walk through the analysis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Build one ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-0-divider.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure no-load output voltage<br /> * Regulated versus unregulated power supply<br /> ** What's the difference?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add a load to the voltage divider ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-1-divider-loaded.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure difference in output voltage<br /> *** Why does this happen?<br /> **** Equivalent resistances in series and in parallel<br /> * Datasheet<br /> ** What are they?<br /> ** How can you find them?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's an LM317 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-2-LM317.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Look up example circuits in [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm117.pdf the datasheet]<br /> * Capacitor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Polarized (electrolytic) versus non-polarized (ceramic)<br /> *** Filter capacitors<br /> **** Show them on the datasheet's example circuit<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Build the example circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-3-LM317-filtered.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> **** Measure input voltage over time with and without filter capacitors<br /> ***** Not sure if we'll be able to notice on the multimeter<br /> * Oscilloscope (if there's time)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Time axis<br /> *** Voltage axis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Look at regulator's output waveform<br /> *** Vary load and see what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 3: Optoelectronics ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a night light (Many thanks to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight EMSL])<br /> <br /> '''Slides:''' [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-Slides.pdf]]<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** What does it take to light one?<br /> *** Remember to limit current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Light one<br /> *** Probably just rebuild [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1's circuit]] ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-0-LED.svg|schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]]), though you really don't even need the switch for this<br /> * Transistor (BJT)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Amplifier<br /> *** Switch &amp;mdash; what we'll focus on for now<br /> ** What are the different terminals?<br /> *** Base<br /> *** Collector<br /> *** Emitter<br /> ** NPN versus PNP<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Use one to control the LED ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-1-BJT.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Apply light instead of base current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add one to our circuit to switch the other transistor ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-2-phototransistor.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> *** Should look essentially identical to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight the EMSL circuit], except that we'll keep a current-limiting resistor in series with the LED<br /> *** Note: This phototransistor (like many others) is mainly sensitive to infrared and will consider a room lit only by fluorescent bulbs to be &quot;dark&quot;. Bring around a different lamp to test the projects.<br /> * Bonus: Start talking about digital logic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Logic gates<br /> *** High-level explanation<br /> *** Names: AND, OR, NOT (maybe XOR)<br /> *** Show examples of 7400-series ICs<br /> ** Show a schematic of a NOT gate (for example: [http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#inverter this one], [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-3-NOT.svg|presentation schematic here]])<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Compare the NOT gate schematic to our night light<br /> *** We've made one with a phototransistor!<br /> *** Could have been done with a normal transistor, too<br /> *** Way less useful that way<br /> <br /> === Week 4: Oscillators — and the venerable 555 ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a 555 circuit to blink an LED<br /> <br /> '''Slides:''' [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-Slides.pdf]]<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** High-level explanation, though more detail can come afterward for anyone who wants to know<br /> *** Modes of operation<br /> **** Look at [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ne555.pdf the datasheet]<br /> **** We're interested in the astable multivibrator<br /> ***** What does that mean?<br /> ** What crazy things do people do with it? ([http://www.555contest.com/ All kinds of things.])<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Wire one up ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-0-555.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Show output on an oscilloscope<br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** Look up forward voltages<br /> *** Use a different LED this time (maybe blue!)<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Figure out an appropriate current-limiting resistor<br /> *** Hook it up to the output of the 555 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-1-555-LED.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use one?<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Measure resistances between different terminals<br /> *** Could have used it in [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]] to vary regulator output voltage<br /> ** '''Another hands-on:''' Replace one of the 555 frequency-setting resistors ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-2-555-potentiometer.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Change its resistance and watch what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 5: Digital logic ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a Larson scanner (Schematic (more or less) from [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/CylonOLantern EMSL])<br /> <br /> '''Slides:''' [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-Slides.pdf]] (with notes here: [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-Slides_and_Notes.pdf]]<br /> <br /> * Use [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4's 555 project]] for the clock signal<br /> ** Can change resistor values to EMSL-recommended values to change speed<br /> * Leave out the low-pass filter because of time and cost<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Digital logic (in general)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Compare to analog electronics &amp;mdash; also has cool applications<br /> ** What can I do with it?<br /> *** State machines<br /> *** Multiplexers<br /> *** Counters<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Manual logic switch ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-0-switch.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** SPST on a line with a pull-up (or pull-down) resistor<br /> **** How does such a resistor work? What does it do?<br /> *** Watch it on a multimeter<br /> **** How does it differ from the SPST without the resistor?<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Hook one up to power and the 555 circuit from [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]<br /> *** Watch what happens &amp;mdash; connect each output pin to an LED to make it more obvious ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-1-counter.svg|schematic here (tested April 4, 2012) with different (i.e., faster) resistor values as suggested by EMSL]])<br /> * OR gate<br /> ** Review logic gates (if we got to them at the end of [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]])<br /> ** Why are we interested in these?<br /> *** Plot out Larson scanner details/excitation table<br /> ** We need four of them<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add them to the circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-2-Larson.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Watch the lights scan back and forth<br /> <br /> === Week 6: Soldering ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Solder [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5's project]] on a printed circuit board<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Solder<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use it?<br /> ** Leaded versus lead-free<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Here's some solder<br /> * Soldering iron<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I clean and tin the tip?<br /> ** '''Demo:''' How do I form a good solder joint?<br /> *** Heat both terminals<br /> *** Apply solder<br /> ** Examples of solder joints<br /> *** Ideal<br /> *** Cold<br /> *** Bridged<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder two wires together<br /> * Printed circuit board<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Fiberglass<br /> *** Copper traces/pads<br /> *** Drilled holes/plated vias<br /> *** Silkscreened markings<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder a component<br /> * Assembly<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Finish the board! ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week6-EAGLE.zip|PCB design (EAGLE) here, still untested]])<br /> * Bonus: Do I need one of these? (Other ways to mount circuits)<br /> ** Prototyping board, layout tools, etching (chemical and mechanical)<br /> <br /> == Bill of materials ==<br /> <br /> Pricing assumes 25 kits with no special discounts (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2010/06/01/big-news-all-hacker-spaces-in-the-world-get-adafruit-reseller-pricing-starting-today/ Adafruit hackerspace discount]). Total cost &amp;mdash; not including breadboard jumpers, multimeter, PCB and shipping for all of these things &amp;mdash; comes out to $368.20 (or $14.73 per person).<br /> <br /> === Equipment ===<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** Relatively inexpensive (but maybe more than we want students to spend)<br /> ** Voltage, current, resistance, continuity<br /> *** Diode test would be nice to have<br /> ** Do we want people to get their own, or do we want to use the space's?<br /> *** MAS830 ($337.50 for 25: [http://www.adafruit.com/products/71 Adafruit])<br /> *** Does the space have enough working meters? (If not, can we convince some place to donate some more?)<br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** Full size x1 ($180 for 25: [https://www.adafruit.com/products/239 Adafruit])<br /> * Battery holder<br /> ** 4xAA x1 ($21.18 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/BH14AAW/BH14AAW-ND/66735 Digi-Key])<br /> * Batteries<br /> ** Alkaline AA x4 ($33.48 for 100-pack: [http://www.amazon.com/Duracell-Coppertop-MN1500-Batteries-Count/dp/B006W9QIM2/ Amazon])<br /> <br /> === Things we could make ourselves ===<br /> <br /> * Assorted breadboard jumpers<br /> ** We could cut these ourselves to reduce cost, assuming we have enough small solid-core wire<br /> ** Apparently Digi-Key also sells these in [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/cat/prototyping-products/jumper-wire/2359516?stock=1&amp;pbfree=1&amp;rohs=1 packs of 150 or 200] for various lengths for $16.48<br /> *** Beginners might be more comfortable with longer pieces of wire (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/products/153 these packs of 75] for $6.00 each), though &amp;mdash; thoughts?<br /> * Printed circuit board for [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]<br /> ** Do we etch or mill these ourselves? Do we have some batch PCB service (e.g., Seeed, Sparkfun) get them done?<br /> ** First design (EAGLE files [https://gist.github.com/2067344 here]) is 1.70 x 3.00 inches<br /> *** BatchPCB price at that size for 25: $328.75 ($13.15 each)<br /> *** Fusion PCB price at that size for 30: $84.70 ($2.83 each)<br /> **** Fusion PCB price at that size for 50: $84.90 ($1.70 each)<br /> **** Both Fusion PCB prices are with the extra fee for testing all of them (instead of half) since it'd be nice not to have to troubleshoot the boards themselves in addition to the students' work<br /> *** Still have some room in the corner if we're interested in doing anything else with it<br /> <br /> === Components ===<br /> <br /> * LEDs<br /> ** 5mm red x10 ($19.38 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/WP7113SRC%2FDU/754-1274-ND/1747673 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (4017 output, later x6 for Larson scanner)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (Larson scanner)<br /> ** 5mm blue x1 ($4.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461-ND/1922944 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> * Switches<br /> ** SPDT slider x1 ($14.72 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/EG1218/EG1903-ND/101726 Digi-Key]) (Note: We only need SPST, but for some reason those are several times more expensive. Not sure why that is. SPDT will take a tad more explanation, but it shouldn't be that big of a deal.)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (power)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (logic)<br /> * Voltage regulator<br /> ** LM317 x1 ($9.80 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/LM317KCS/296-13869-5-ND/521368 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (regulator)<br /> * Resistors<br /> ** 220 &amp;Omega; x1 ($4.23 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT220R/S220QCT-ND/2617711 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider load), x1 (LM317 R1)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (current limiting)<br /> ** 360 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT360R/S360QCT-ND/2617740 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider top half), x1 (LM317 R2)<br /> ** 1 k&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1K00/S1KQCT-ND/2617685 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider bottom half)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (BJT base current)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (pull-up or pull-down resistor)<br /> ** 180 k&amp;Omega; x2 ($1.50 for 50: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT180K/S180KQCT-ND/2617681 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> ** 1 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1M00/S1MQCT-ND/2617692 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT2M00/S2MQCT-ND/2617726 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R2)<br /> ** 150 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT150R/S150QCT-ND/2617674 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> * Capacitors<br /> ** 0.1 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($2.91 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=20&amp;y=11&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3859-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (LM317 input filter)<br /> ** 0.22 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($5.00 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/FK18Y5V1H224Z/445-4806-ND/2050155 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> ** 0.01 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($4.70 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=7&amp;y=18&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3813-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($15.08 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CT6EP205/CT6EP205-ND/738311 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> * Transistors<br /> ** 2N3904 x1 ($6.90 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/2N3904-AP/2N3904-APCT-ND/950591 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (switch for output LED)<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** x1 ($6.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/PT334-6C/1080-1159-ND/2675650 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light sensor)<br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** NE555N x1 ($6.99 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/NE555N/497-1963-5-ND/599557 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (oscillator)<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** 74HC4017 x1 ($17.05 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/M74HC4017B1R/497-1835-5-ND/591928 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (counter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (counter)<br /> * OR gates<br /> ** 74HC32 x1 ($6.88 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/SN74HC32N/296-1589-5-ND/277235 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (count reverser)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (count reverser)</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-Slides_and_Notes.pdf&diff=8655 2012-11-15T02:11:31Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Category:Intro_to_Electronics These are the slides for the last project in the Intro to Electronics class. It&#039;s for a Larson scanner (Cylon eye). The schematic for that is here. This version also </p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> These are the slides for the last project in the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. It's for a Larson scanner (Cylon eye). The schematic for that is [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-2-Larson.svg|here]].<br /> <br /> This version also includes notes. For just the presentation-ready version, check [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-Slides.pdf|this file]].</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-Slides.pdf&diff=8654 2012-11-15T02:10:06Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Category:Intro_to_Electronics These are the slides for the last project in the Intro to Electronics class. It&#039;s for a Larson scanner (Cylon eye). The schematic for that is here.</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> These are the slides for the last project in the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. It's for a Larson scanner (Cylon eye). The schematic for that is [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-2-Larson.svg|here]].</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Intro_to_Electronics&diff=8512 2012-11-08T02:45:52Z

<p>Myersjustinc: /* Week 4: Oscillators — and the venerable 555 */ Added link to slides</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> == Concept ==<br /> <br /> The idea behind this course structure is for six sessions held a week apart. In order to provide a tangible end for students to feel like they’re working toward, each week will have a project; students will be walked through building that project and completing it by the end of the session.<br /> <br /> In that sense, each week stands alone &amp;mdash; a project started in one week does not need a future week in order to be complete. That said, later projects will depend on the knowledge gained in previous projects, and some of them will even be based on previous projects. (For example, [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5’s project]] is a Larson scanner, and it uses [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4’s project]] &amp;mdash; a typical 555-based astable multivibrator circuit &amp;mdash; to provide its clock signal.)<br /> <br /> The course starts with a few basic circuit components (a voltage source, a resistor and an LED) and an explanation of typical prototyping equipment (breadboard and multimeter) and builds up to include regulated power supplies, basic optoelectronics and eventually digital logic.<br /> <br /> It does not (at least in this draft) include much in the way of detailed exploration of analog electronics; it’s intended more as an introduction to the field of hobbyist electronics as a whole and to an assortment of the basic components one might find in a variety of projects.<br /> <br /> Suggestions are, of course, welcome, as are other potential projects to use in place of some of the ones listed here. (In particular, a good introductory op-amp project might be handy to have.) I’ve listed [[Intro to Electronics#Components|component prices]] for 25 students; my goal would be to keep the cost per student at $25 or less &amp;mdash; preferably more in the $20 range.<br /> <br /> == Syllabus ==<br /> <br /> === Week 1: Getting familiar with components ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Light an LED with AA batteries and an on-off switch<br /> <br /> '''Slides:''' [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-Slides.pdf]]<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How is it organized?<br /> ** Why is it useful?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's a breadboard<br /> * LED<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Not at the P/N junction level<br /> *** Current goes in, light comes out<br /> *** Current only flows in one direction (diode!)<br /> *** Too much current = bad<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one into the breadboard<br /> * Battery<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Roughly constant voltage source for a while<br /> *** Discharges over time &amp;mdash; voltage decreases<br /> **** Definition of &quot;dead&quot;<br /> *** Maybe some chemistry? Doubtful, though<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Batteries (three or four AAs) in a holder<br /> *** Plug them into the breadboard<br /> * Switch<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Define poles and throws<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one (SPST) into the breadboard<br /> * Resistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law<br /> **** Units of measurement<br /> ***** Ohm<br /> ***** Ampere<br /> ***** Volt<br /> *** Non-polarized<br /> *** Describe color codes<br /> **** Give resources &amp;mdash; memorizing is a bit daunting right now, I imagine<br /> *** Tolerances &amp;mdash; nothing's perfect<br /> **** What does a &amp;plusmn;5% tolerance mean?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Pick a resistor and plug it in to the breadboard<br /> *** Select using Ohm's Law<br /> * Schematic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Symbols<br /> *** LED<br /> *** Battery (DC source)<br /> *** Switch<br /> *** Resistor<br /> *** Ground!<br /> **** Define ground<br /> ** Draw one<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Connect components to match [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-0-LED.svg|this schematic (tested April 2, 2012)]]<br /> *** Moment of truth: Turn it on!<br /> <br /> === Week 2: Test equipment ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a power supply<br /> <br /> '''Slides:''' [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-Slides.pdf]]<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Review units of measurement<br /> *** Ohm<br /> *** Ampere<br /> *** Volt<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Measure [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|last week's LED circuit]]<br /> *** Voltages at different nodes<br /> *** Current through LED branch?<br /> *** Resistance of current-limiting resistor<br /> * Voltage divider<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law!<br /> *** Walk through the analysis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Build one ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-0-divider.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure no-load output voltage<br /> * Regulated versus unregulated power supply<br /> ** What's the difference?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add a load to the voltage divider ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-1-divider-loaded.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure difference in output voltage<br /> *** Why does this happen?<br /> **** Equivalent resistances in series and in parallel<br /> * Datasheet<br /> ** What are they?<br /> ** How can you find them?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's an LM317 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-2-LM317.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Look up example circuits in [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm117.pdf the datasheet]<br /> * Capacitor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Polarized (electrolytic) versus non-polarized (ceramic)<br /> *** Filter capacitors<br /> **** Show them on the datasheet's example circuit<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Build the example circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-3-LM317-filtered.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> **** Measure input voltage over time with and without filter capacitors<br /> ***** Not sure if we'll be able to notice on the multimeter<br /> * Oscilloscope (if there's time)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Time axis<br /> *** Voltage axis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Look at regulator's output waveform<br /> *** Vary load and see what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 3: Optoelectronics ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a night light (Many thanks to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight EMSL])<br /> <br /> '''Slides:''' [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-Slides.pdf]]<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** What does it take to light one?<br /> *** Remember to limit current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Light one<br /> *** Probably just rebuild [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1's circuit]] ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-0-LED.svg|schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]]), though you really don't even need the switch for this<br /> * Transistor (BJT)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Amplifier<br /> *** Switch &amp;mdash; what we'll focus on for now<br /> ** What are the different terminals?<br /> *** Base<br /> *** Collector<br /> *** Emitter<br /> ** NPN versus PNP<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Use one to control the LED ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-1-BJT.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Apply light instead of base current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add one to our circuit to switch the other transistor ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-2-phototransistor.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> *** Should look essentially identical to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight the EMSL circuit], except that we'll keep a current-limiting resistor in series with the LED<br /> *** Note: This phototransistor (like many others) is mainly sensitive to infrared and will consider a room lit only by fluorescent bulbs to be &quot;dark&quot;. Bring around a different lamp to test the projects.<br /> * Bonus: Start talking about digital logic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Logic gates<br /> *** High-level explanation<br /> *** Names: AND, OR, NOT (maybe XOR)<br /> *** Show examples of 7400-series ICs<br /> ** Show a schematic of a NOT gate (for example: [http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#inverter this one], [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-3-NOT.svg|presentation schematic here]])<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Compare the NOT gate schematic to our night light<br /> *** We've made one with a phototransistor!<br /> *** Could have been done with a normal transistor, too<br /> *** Way less useful that way<br /> <br /> === Week 4: Oscillators — and the venerable 555 ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a 555 circuit to blink an LED<br /> <br /> '''Slides:''' [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-Slides.pdf]]<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** High-level explanation, though more detail can come afterward for anyone who wants to know<br /> *** Modes of operation<br /> **** Look at [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ne555.pdf the datasheet]<br /> **** We're interested in the astable multivibrator<br /> ***** What does that mean?<br /> ** What crazy things do people do with it? ([http://www.555contest.com/ All kinds of things.])<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Wire one up ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-0-555.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Show output on an oscilloscope<br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** Look up forward voltages<br /> *** Use a different LED this time (maybe blue!)<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Figure out an appropriate current-limiting resistor<br /> *** Hook it up to the output of the 555 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-1-555-LED.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use one?<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Measure resistances between different terminals<br /> *** Could have used it in [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]] to vary regulator output voltage<br /> ** '''Another hands-on:''' Replace one of the 555 frequency-setting resistors ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-2-555-potentiometer.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Change its resistance and watch what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 5: Digital logic ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a Larson scanner (Schematic (more or less) from [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/CylonOLantern EMSL])<br /> <br /> * Use [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4's 555 project]] for the clock signal<br /> ** Can change resistor values to EMSL-recommended values to change speed<br /> * Leave out the low-pass filter because of time and cost<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Digital logic (in general)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Compare to analog electronics &amp;mdash; also has cool applications<br /> ** What can I do with it?<br /> *** State machines<br /> *** Multiplexers<br /> *** Counters<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Manual logic switch ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-0-switch.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** SPST on a line with a pull-up (or pull-down) resistor<br /> **** How does such a resistor work? What does it do?<br /> *** Watch it on a multimeter<br /> **** How does it differ from the SPST without the resistor?<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Hook one up to power and the 555 circuit from [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]<br /> *** Watch what happens &amp;mdash; connect each output pin to an LED to make it more obvious ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-1-counter.svg|schematic here (tested April 4, 2012) with different (i.e., faster) resistor values as suggested by EMSL]])<br /> * OR gate<br /> ** Review logic gates (if we got to them at the end of [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]])<br /> ** Why are we interested in these?<br /> *** Plot out Larson scanner details/excitation table<br /> ** We need four of them<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add them to the circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-2-Larson.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Watch the lights scan back and forth<br /> <br /> === Week 6: Soldering ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Solder [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5's project]] on a printed circuit board<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Solder<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use it?<br /> ** Leaded versus lead-free<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Here's some solder<br /> * Soldering iron<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I clean and tin the tip?<br /> ** '''Demo:''' How do I form a good solder joint?<br /> *** Heat both terminals<br /> *** Apply solder<br /> ** Examples of solder joints<br /> *** Ideal<br /> *** Cold<br /> *** Bridged<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder two wires together<br /> * Printed circuit board<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Fiberglass<br /> *** Copper traces/pads<br /> *** Drilled holes/plated vias<br /> *** Silkscreened markings<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder a component<br /> * Assembly<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Finish the board! ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week6-EAGLE.zip|PCB design (EAGLE) here, still untested]])<br /> * Bonus: Do I need one of these? (Other ways to mount circuits)<br /> ** Prototyping board, layout tools, etching (chemical and mechanical)<br /> <br /> == Bill of materials ==<br /> <br /> Pricing assumes 25 kits with no special discounts (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2010/06/01/big-news-all-hacker-spaces-in-the-world-get-adafruit-reseller-pricing-starting-today/ Adafruit hackerspace discount]). Total cost &amp;mdash; not including breadboard jumpers, multimeter, PCB and shipping for all of these things &amp;mdash; comes out to $368.20 (or $14.73 per person).<br /> <br /> === Equipment ===<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** Relatively inexpensive (but maybe more than we want students to spend)<br /> ** Voltage, current, resistance, continuity<br /> *** Diode test would be nice to have<br /> ** Do we want people to get their own, or do we want to use the space's?<br /> *** MAS830 ($337.50 for 25: [http://www.adafruit.com/products/71 Adafruit])<br /> *** Does the space have enough working meters? (If not, can we convince some place to donate some more?)<br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** Full size x1 ($180 for 25: [https://www.adafruit.com/products/239 Adafruit])<br /> * Battery holder<br /> ** 4xAA x1 ($21.18 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/BH14AAW/BH14AAW-ND/66735 Digi-Key])<br /> * Batteries<br /> ** Alkaline AA x4 ($33.48 for 100-pack: [http://www.amazon.com/Duracell-Coppertop-MN1500-Batteries-Count/dp/B006W9QIM2/ Amazon])<br /> <br /> === Things we could make ourselves ===<br /> <br /> * Assorted breadboard jumpers<br /> ** We could cut these ourselves to reduce cost, assuming we have enough small solid-core wire<br /> ** Apparently Digi-Key also sells these in [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/cat/prototyping-products/jumper-wire/2359516?stock=1&amp;pbfree=1&amp;rohs=1 packs of 150 or 200] for various lengths for $16.48<br /> *** Beginners might be more comfortable with longer pieces of wire (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/products/153 these packs of 75] for $6.00 each), though &amp;mdash; thoughts?<br /> * Printed circuit board for [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]<br /> ** Do we etch or mill these ourselves? Do we have some batch PCB service (e.g., Seeed, Sparkfun) get them done?<br /> ** First design (EAGLE files [https://gist.github.com/2067344 here]) is 1.70 x 3.00 inches<br /> *** BatchPCB price at that size for 25: $328.75 ($13.15 each)<br /> *** Fusion PCB price at that size for 30: $84.70 ($2.83 each)<br /> **** Fusion PCB price at that size for 50: $84.90 ($1.70 each)<br /> **** Both Fusion PCB prices are with the extra fee for testing all of them (instead of half) since it'd be nice not to have to troubleshoot the boards themselves in addition to the students' work<br /> *** Still have some room in the corner if we're interested in doing anything else with it<br /> <br /> === Components ===<br /> <br /> * LEDs<br /> ** 5mm red x10 ($19.38 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/WP7113SRC%2FDU/754-1274-ND/1747673 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (4017 output, later x6 for Larson scanner)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (Larson scanner)<br /> ** 5mm blue x1 ($4.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461-ND/1922944 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> * Switches<br /> ** SPDT slider x1 ($14.72 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/EG1218/EG1903-ND/101726 Digi-Key]) (Note: We only need SPST, but for some reason those are several times more expensive. Not sure why that is. SPDT will take a tad more explanation, but it shouldn't be that big of a deal.)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (power)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (logic)<br /> * Voltage regulator<br /> ** LM317 x1 ($9.80 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/LM317KCS/296-13869-5-ND/521368 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (regulator)<br /> * Resistors<br /> ** 220 &amp;Omega; x1 ($4.23 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT220R/S220QCT-ND/2617711 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider load), x1 (LM317 R1)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (current limiting)<br /> ** 360 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT360R/S360QCT-ND/2617740 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider top half), x1 (LM317 R2)<br /> ** 1 k&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1K00/S1KQCT-ND/2617685 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider bottom half)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (BJT base current)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (pull-up or pull-down resistor)<br /> ** 180 k&amp;Omega; x2 ($1.50 for 50: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT180K/S180KQCT-ND/2617681 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> ** 1 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1M00/S1MQCT-ND/2617692 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT2M00/S2MQCT-ND/2617726 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R2)<br /> ** 150 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT150R/S150QCT-ND/2617674 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> * Capacitors<br /> ** 0.1 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($2.91 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=20&amp;y=11&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3859-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (LM317 input filter)<br /> ** 0.22 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($5.00 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/FK18Y5V1H224Z/445-4806-ND/2050155 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> ** 0.01 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($4.70 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=7&amp;y=18&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3813-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($15.08 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CT6EP205/CT6EP205-ND/738311 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> * Transistors<br /> ** 2N3904 x1 ($6.90 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/2N3904-AP/2N3904-APCT-ND/950591 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (switch for output LED)<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** x1 ($6.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/PT334-6C/1080-1159-ND/2675650 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light sensor)<br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** NE555N x1 ($6.99 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/NE555N/497-1963-5-ND/599557 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (oscillator)<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** 74HC4017 x1 ($17.05 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/M74HC4017B1R/497-1835-5-ND/591928 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (counter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (counter)<br /> * OR gates<br /> ** 74HC32 x1 ($6.88 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/SN74HC32N/296-1589-5-ND/277235 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (count reverser)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (count reverser)</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-Slides.pdf&diff=8511 2012-11-08T01:13:08Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Category:Intro_to_Electronics These are the slides for the fourth session in the Intro to Electronics class. The main activity involved building an LED blinking circuit using a 555 timer IC. The schematic for that can be found [[Media:http://wiki.</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> These are the slides for the fourth session in the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. The main activity involved building an LED blinking circuit using a 555 timer IC. The schematic for that can be found [[Media:http://wiki.hacdc.org/images/3/36/Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-1-555-LED.svg|here]].</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Intro_to_Electronics&diff=8326 2012-10-25T02:06:52Z

<p>Myersjustinc: /* Syllabus */ Added link to Week 3 slides</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> == Concept ==<br /> <br /> The idea behind this course structure is for six sessions held a week apart. In order to provide a tangible end for students to feel like they’re working toward, each week will have a project; students will be walked through building that project and completing it by the end of the session.<br /> <br /> In that sense, each week stands alone &amp;mdash; a project started in one week does not need a future week in order to be complete. That said, later projects will depend on the knowledge gained in previous projects, and some of them will even be based on previous projects. (For example, [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5’s project]] is a Larson scanner, and it uses [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4’s project]] &amp;mdash; a typical 555-based astable multivibrator circuit &amp;mdash; to provide its clock signal.)<br /> <br /> The course starts with a few basic circuit components (a voltage source, a resistor and an LED) and an explanation of typical prototyping equipment (breadboard and multimeter) and builds up to include regulated power supplies, basic optoelectronics and eventually digital logic.<br /> <br /> It does not (at least in this draft) include much in the way of detailed exploration of analog electronics; it’s intended more as an introduction to the field of hobbyist electronics as a whole and to an assortment of the basic components one might find in a variety of projects.<br /> <br /> Suggestions are, of course, welcome, as are other potential projects to use in place of some of the ones listed here. (In particular, a good introductory op-amp project might be handy to have.) I’ve listed [[Intro to Electronics#Components|component prices]] for 25 students; my goal would be to keep the cost per student at $25 or less &amp;mdash; preferably more in the $20 range.<br /> <br /> == Syllabus ==<br /> <br /> === Week 1: Getting familiar with components ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Light an LED with AA batteries and an on-off switch<br /> <br /> '''Slides:''' [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-Slides.pdf]]<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How is it organized?<br /> ** Why is it useful?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's a breadboard<br /> * LED<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Not at the P/N junction level<br /> *** Current goes in, light comes out<br /> *** Current only flows in one direction (diode!)<br /> *** Too much current = bad<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one into the breadboard<br /> * Battery<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Roughly constant voltage source for a while<br /> *** Discharges over time &amp;mdash; voltage decreases<br /> **** Definition of &quot;dead&quot;<br /> *** Maybe some chemistry? Doubtful, though<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Batteries (three or four AAs) in a holder<br /> *** Plug them into the breadboard<br /> * Switch<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Define poles and throws<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one (SPST) into the breadboard<br /> * Resistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law<br /> **** Units of measurement<br /> ***** Ohm<br /> ***** Ampere<br /> ***** Volt<br /> *** Non-polarized<br /> *** Describe color codes<br /> **** Give resources &amp;mdash; memorizing is a bit daunting right now, I imagine<br /> *** Tolerances &amp;mdash; nothing's perfect<br /> **** What does a &amp;plusmn;5% tolerance mean?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Pick a resistor and plug it in to the breadboard<br /> *** Select using Ohm's Law<br /> * Schematic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Symbols<br /> *** LED<br /> *** Battery (DC source)<br /> *** Switch<br /> *** Resistor<br /> *** Ground!<br /> **** Define ground<br /> ** Draw one<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Connect components to match [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-0-LED.svg|this schematic (tested April 2, 2012)]]<br /> *** Moment of truth: Turn it on!<br /> <br /> === Week 2: Test equipment ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a power supply<br /> <br /> '''Slides:''' [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-Slides.pdf]]<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Review units of measurement<br /> *** Ohm<br /> *** Ampere<br /> *** Volt<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Measure [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|last week's LED circuit]]<br /> *** Voltages at different nodes<br /> *** Current through LED branch?<br /> *** Resistance of current-limiting resistor<br /> * Voltage divider<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law!<br /> *** Walk through the analysis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Build one ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-0-divider.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure no-load output voltage<br /> * Regulated versus unregulated power supply<br /> ** What's the difference?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add a load to the voltage divider ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-1-divider-loaded.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure difference in output voltage<br /> *** Why does this happen?<br /> **** Equivalent resistances in series and in parallel<br /> * Datasheet<br /> ** What are they?<br /> ** How can you find them?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's an LM317 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-2-LM317.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Look up example circuits in [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm117.pdf the datasheet]<br /> * Capacitor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Polarized (electrolytic) versus non-polarized (ceramic)<br /> *** Filter capacitors<br /> **** Show them on the datasheet's example circuit<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Build the example circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-3-LM317-filtered.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> **** Measure input voltage over time with and without filter capacitors<br /> ***** Not sure if we'll be able to notice on the multimeter<br /> * Oscilloscope (if there's time)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Time axis<br /> *** Voltage axis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Look at regulator's output waveform<br /> *** Vary load and see what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 3: Optoelectronics ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a night light (Many thanks to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight EMSL])<br /> <br /> '''Slides:''' [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-Slides.pdf]]<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** What does it take to light one?<br /> *** Remember to limit current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Light one<br /> *** Probably just rebuild [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1's circuit]] ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-0-LED.svg|schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]]), though you really don't even need the switch for this<br /> * Transistor (BJT)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Amplifier<br /> *** Switch &amp;mdash; what we'll focus on for now<br /> ** What are the different terminals?<br /> *** Base<br /> *** Collector<br /> *** Emitter<br /> ** NPN versus PNP<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Use one to control the LED ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-1-BJT.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Apply light instead of base current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add one to our circuit to switch the other transistor ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-2-phototransistor.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> *** Should look essentially identical to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight the EMSL circuit], except that we'll keep a current-limiting resistor in series with the LED<br /> *** Note: This phototransistor (like many others) is mainly sensitive to infrared and will consider a room lit only by fluorescent bulbs to be &quot;dark&quot;. Bring around a different lamp to test the projects.<br /> * Bonus: Start talking about digital logic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Logic gates<br /> *** High-level explanation<br /> *** Names: AND, OR, NOT (maybe XOR)<br /> *** Show examples of 7400-series ICs<br /> ** Show a schematic of a NOT gate (for example: [http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#inverter this one], [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-3-NOT.svg|presentation schematic here]])<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Compare the NOT gate schematic to our night light<br /> *** We've made one with a phototransistor!<br /> *** Could have been done with a normal transistor, too<br /> *** Way less useful that way<br /> <br /> === Week 4: Oscillators — and the venerable 555 ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a 555 circuit to blink an LED<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** High-level explanation, though more detail can come afterward for anyone who wants to know<br /> *** Modes of operation<br /> **** Look at [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ne555.pdf the datasheet]<br /> **** We're interested in the astable multivibrator<br /> ***** What does that mean?<br /> ** What crazy things do people do with it? ([http://www.555contest.com/ All kinds of things.])<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Wire one up ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-0-555.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Show output on an oscilloscope<br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** Look up forward voltages<br /> *** Use a different LED this time (maybe blue!)<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Figure out an appropriate current-limiting resistor<br /> *** Hook it up to the output of the 555 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-1-555-LED.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use one?<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Measure resistances between different terminals<br /> *** Could have used it in [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]] to vary regulator output voltage<br /> ** '''Another hands-on:''' Replace one of the 555 frequency-setting resistors ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-2-555-potentiometer.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Change its resistance and watch what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 5: Digital logic ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a Larson scanner (Schematic (more or less) from [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/CylonOLantern EMSL])<br /> <br /> * Use [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4's 555 project]] for the clock signal<br /> ** Can change resistor values to EMSL-recommended values to change speed<br /> * Leave out the low-pass filter because of time and cost<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Digital logic (in general)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Compare to analog electronics &amp;mdash; also has cool applications<br /> ** What can I do with it?<br /> *** State machines<br /> *** Multiplexers<br /> *** Counters<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Manual logic switch ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-0-switch.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** SPST on a line with a pull-up (or pull-down) resistor<br /> **** How does such a resistor work? What does it do?<br /> *** Watch it on a multimeter<br /> **** How does it differ from the SPST without the resistor?<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Hook one up to power and the 555 circuit from [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]<br /> *** Watch what happens &amp;mdash; connect each output pin to an LED to make it more obvious ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-1-counter.svg|schematic here (tested April 4, 2012) with different (i.e., faster) resistor values as suggested by EMSL]])<br /> * OR gate<br /> ** Review logic gates (if we got to them at the end of [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]])<br /> ** Why are we interested in these?<br /> *** Plot out Larson scanner details/excitation table<br /> ** We need four of them<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add them to the circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-2-Larson.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Watch the lights scan back and forth<br /> <br /> === Week 6: Soldering ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Solder [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5's project]] on a printed circuit board<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Solder<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use it?<br /> ** Leaded versus lead-free<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Here's some solder<br /> * Soldering iron<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I clean and tin the tip?<br /> ** '''Demo:''' How do I form a good solder joint?<br /> *** Heat both terminals<br /> *** Apply solder<br /> ** Examples of solder joints<br /> *** Ideal<br /> *** Cold<br /> *** Bridged<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder two wires together<br /> * Printed circuit board<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Fiberglass<br /> *** Copper traces/pads<br /> *** Drilled holes/plated vias<br /> *** Silkscreened markings<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder a component<br /> * Assembly<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Finish the board! ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week6-EAGLE.zip|PCB design (EAGLE) here, still untested]])<br /> * Bonus: Do I need one of these? (Other ways to mount circuits)<br /> ** Prototyping board, layout tools, etching (chemical and mechanical)<br /> <br /> == Bill of materials ==<br /> <br /> Pricing assumes 25 kits with no special discounts (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2010/06/01/big-news-all-hacker-spaces-in-the-world-get-adafruit-reseller-pricing-starting-today/ Adafruit hackerspace discount]). Total cost &amp;mdash; not including breadboard jumpers, multimeter, PCB and shipping for all of these things &amp;mdash; comes out to $368.20 (or $14.73 per person).<br /> <br /> === Equipment ===<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** Relatively inexpensive (but maybe more than we want students to spend)<br /> ** Voltage, current, resistance, continuity<br /> *** Diode test would be nice to have<br /> ** Do we want people to get their own, or do we want to use the space's?<br /> *** MAS830 ($337.50 for 25: [http://www.adafruit.com/products/71 Adafruit])<br /> *** Does the space have enough working meters? (If not, can we convince some place to donate some more?)<br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** Full size x1 ($180 for 25: [https://www.adafruit.com/products/239 Adafruit])<br /> * Battery holder<br /> ** 4xAA x1 ($21.18 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/BH14AAW/BH14AAW-ND/66735 Digi-Key])<br /> * Batteries<br /> ** Alkaline AA x4 ($33.48 for 100-pack: [http://www.amazon.com/Duracell-Coppertop-MN1500-Batteries-Count/dp/B006W9QIM2/ Amazon])<br /> <br /> === Things we could make ourselves ===<br /> <br /> * Assorted breadboard jumpers<br /> ** We could cut these ourselves to reduce cost, assuming we have enough small solid-core wire<br /> ** Apparently Digi-Key also sells these in [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/cat/prototyping-products/jumper-wire/2359516?stock=1&amp;pbfree=1&amp;rohs=1 packs of 150 or 200] for various lengths for $16.48<br /> *** Beginners might be more comfortable with longer pieces of wire (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/products/153 these packs of 75] for $6.00 each), though &amp;mdash; thoughts?<br /> * Printed circuit board for [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]<br /> ** Do we etch or mill these ourselves? Do we have some batch PCB service (e.g., Seeed, Sparkfun) get them done?<br /> ** First design (EAGLE files [https://gist.github.com/2067344 here]) is 1.70 x 3.00 inches<br /> *** BatchPCB price at that size for 25: $328.75 ($13.15 each)<br /> *** Fusion PCB price at that size for 30: $84.70 ($2.83 each)<br /> **** Fusion PCB price at that size for 50: $84.90 ($1.70 each)<br /> **** Both Fusion PCB prices are with the extra fee for testing all of them (instead of half) since it'd be nice not to have to troubleshoot the boards themselves in addition to the students' work<br /> *** Still have some room in the corner if we're interested in doing anything else with it<br /> <br /> === Components ===<br /> <br /> * LEDs<br /> ** 5mm red x10 ($19.38 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/WP7113SRC%2FDU/754-1274-ND/1747673 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (4017 output, later x6 for Larson scanner)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (Larson scanner)<br /> ** 5mm blue x1 ($4.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461-ND/1922944 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> * Switches<br /> ** SPDT slider x1 ($14.72 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/EG1218/EG1903-ND/101726 Digi-Key]) (Note: We only need SPST, but for some reason those are several times more expensive. Not sure why that is. SPDT will take a tad more explanation, but it shouldn't be that big of a deal.)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (power)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (logic)<br /> * Voltage regulator<br /> ** LM317 x1 ($9.80 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/LM317KCS/296-13869-5-ND/521368 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (regulator)<br /> * Resistors<br /> ** 220 &amp;Omega; x1 ($4.23 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT220R/S220QCT-ND/2617711 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider load), x1 (LM317 R1)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (current limiting)<br /> ** 360 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT360R/S360QCT-ND/2617740 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider top half), x1 (LM317 R2)<br /> ** 1 k&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1K00/S1KQCT-ND/2617685 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider bottom half)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (BJT base current)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (pull-up or pull-down resistor)<br /> ** 180 k&amp;Omega; x2 ($1.50 for 50: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT180K/S180KQCT-ND/2617681 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> ** 1 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1M00/S1MQCT-ND/2617692 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT2M00/S2MQCT-ND/2617726 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R2)<br /> ** 150 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT150R/S150QCT-ND/2617674 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> * Capacitors<br /> ** 0.1 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($2.91 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=20&amp;y=11&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3859-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (LM317 input filter)<br /> ** 0.22 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($5.00 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/FK18Y5V1H224Z/445-4806-ND/2050155 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> ** 0.01 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($4.70 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=7&amp;y=18&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3813-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($15.08 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CT6EP205/CT6EP205-ND/738311 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> * Transistors<br /> ** 2N3904 x1 ($6.90 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/2N3904-AP/2N3904-APCT-ND/950591 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (switch for output LED)<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** x1 ($6.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/PT334-6C/1080-1159-ND/2675650 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light sensor)<br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** NE555N x1 ($6.99 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/NE555N/497-1963-5-ND/599557 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (oscillator)<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** 74HC4017 x1 ($17.05 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/M74HC4017B1R/497-1835-5-ND/591928 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (counter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (counter)<br /> * OR gates<br /> ** 74HC32 x1 ($6.88 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/SN74HC32N/296-1589-5-ND/277235 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (count reverser)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (count reverser)</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-Slides.pdf&diff=8325 2012-10-25T02:04:34Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Category:Intro_to_Electronics These are the slides for the third session in the Intro to Electronics class. The main activity involved building a night light using an LED, an NPN BJT and a phototransistor. The schematic for that can be found [[Med</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> These are the slides for the third session in the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. The main activity involved building a night light using an LED, an NPN BJT and a phototransistor. The schematic for that can be found [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-2-phototransistor.svg|here]].</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Intro_to_Electronics&diff=8272 2012-10-18T03:48:42Z

<p>Myersjustinc: /* Syllabus */ Added Week 2 slides</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> == Concept ==<br /> <br /> The idea behind this course structure is for six sessions held a week apart. In order to provide a tangible end for students to feel like they’re working toward, each week will have a project; students will be walked through building that project and completing it by the end of the session.<br /> <br /> In that sense, each week stands alone &amp;mdash; a project started in one week does not need a future week in order to be complete. That said, later projects will depend on the knowledge gained in previous projects, and some of them will even be based on previous projects. (For example, [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5’s project]] is a Larson scanner, and it uses [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4’s project]] &amp;mdash; a typical 555-based astable multivibrator circuit &amp;mdash; to provide its clock signal.)<br /> <br /> The course starts with a few basic circuit components (a voltage source, a resistor and an LED) and an explanation of typical prototyping equipment (breadboard and multimeter) and builds up to include regulated power supplies, basic optoelectronics and eventually digital logic.<br /> <br /> It does not (at least in this draft) include much in the way of detailed exploration of analog electronics; it’s intended more as an introduction to the field of hobbyist electronics as a whole and to an assortment of the basic components one might find in a variety of projects.<br /> <br /> Suggestions are, of course, welcome, as are other potential projects to use in place of some of the ones listed here. (In particular, a good introductory op-amp project might be handy to have.) I’ve listed [[Intro to Electronics#Components|component prices]] for 25 students; my goal would be to keep the cost per student at $25 or less &amp;mdash; preferably more in the $20 range.<br /> <br /> == Syllabus ==<br /> <br /> === Week 1: Getting familiar with components ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Light an LED with AA batteries and an on-off switch<br /> <br /> '''Slides:''' [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-Slides.pdf]]<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How is it organized?<br /> ** Why is it useful?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's a breadboard<br /> * LED<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Not at the P/N junction level<br /> *** Current goes in, light comes out<br /> *** Current only flows in one direction (diode!)<br /> *** Too much current = bad<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one into the breadboard<br /> * Battery<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Roughly constant voltage source for a while<br /> *** Discharges over time &amp;mdash; voltage decreases<br /> **** Definition of &quot;dead&quot;<br /> *** Maybe some chemistry? Doubtful, though<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Batteries (three or four AAs) in a holder<br /> *** Plug them into the breadboard<br /> * Switch<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Define poles and throws<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one (SPST) into the breadboard<br /> * Resistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law<br /> **** Units of measurement<br /> ***** Ohm<br /> ***** Ampere<br /> ***** Volt<br /> *** Non-polarized<br /> *** Describe color codes<br /> **** Give resources &amp;mdash; memorizing is a bit daunting right now, I imagine<br /> *** Tolerances &amp;mdash; nothing's perfect<br /> **** What does a &amp;plusmn;5% tolerance mean?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Pick a resistor and plug it in to the breadboard<br /> *** Select using Ohm's Law<br /> * Schematic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Symbols<br /> *** LED<br /> *** Battery (DC source)<br /> *** Switch<br /> *** Resistor<br /> *** Ground!<br /> **** Define ground<br /> ** Draw one<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Connect components to match [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-0-LED.svg|this schematic (tested April 2, 2012)]]<br /> *** Moment of truth: Turn it on!<br /> <br /> === Week 2: Test equipment ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a power supply<br /> <br /> '''Slides:''' [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-Slides.pdf]]<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Review units of measurement<br /> *** Ohm<br /> *** Ampere<br /> *** Volt<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Measure [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|last week's LED circuit]]<br /> *** Voltages at different nodes<br /> *** Current through LED branch?<br /> *** Resistance of current-limiting resistor<br /> * Voltage divider<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law!<br /> *** Walk through the analysis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Build one ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-0-divider.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure no-load output voltage<br /> * Regulated versus unregulated power supply<br /> ** What's the difference?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add a load to the voltage divider ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-1-divider-loaded.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure difference in output voltage<br /> *** Why does this happen?<br /> **** Equivalent resistances in series and in parallel<br /> * Datasheet<br /> ** What are they?<br /> ** How can you find them?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's an LM317 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-2-LM317.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Look up example circuits in [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm117.pdf the datasheet]<br /> * Capacitor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Polarized (electrolytic) versus non-polarized (ceramic)<br /> *** Filter capacitors<br /> **** Show them on the datasheet's example circuit<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Build the example circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-3-LM317-filtered.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> **** Measure input voltage over time with and without filter capacitors<br /> ***** Not sure if we'll be able to notice on the multimeter<br /> * Oscilloscope (if there's time)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Time axis<br /> *** Voltage axis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Look at regulator's output waveform<br /> *** Vary load and see what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 3: Optoelectronics ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a night light (Many thanks to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight EMSL])<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** What does it take to light one?<br /> *** Remember to limit current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Light one<br /> *** Probably just rebuild [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1's circuit]] ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-0-LED.svg|schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]]), though you really don't even need the switch for this<br /> * Transistor (BJT)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Amplifier<br /> *** Switch &amp;mdash; what we'll focus on for now<br /> ** What are the different terminals?<br /> *** Base<br /> *** Collector<br /> *** Emitter<br /> ** NPN versus PNP<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Use one to control the LED ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-1-BJT.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Apply light instead of base current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add one to our circuit to switch the other transistor ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-2-phototransistor.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> *** Should look essentially identical to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight the EMSL circuit], except that we'll keep a current-limiting resistor in series with the LED<br /> *** Note: This phototransistor (like many others) is mainly sensitive to infrared and will consider a room lit only by fluorescent bulbs to be &quot;dark&quot;. Bring around a different lamp to test the projects.<br /> * Bonus: Start talking about digital logic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Logic gates<br /> *** High-level explanation<br /> *** Names: AND, OR, NOT (maybe XOR)<br /> *** Show examples of 7400-series ICs<br /> ** Show a schematic of a NOT gate (for example: [http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#inverter this one], [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-3-NOT.svg|presentation schematic here]])<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Compare the NOT gate schematic to our night light<br /> *** We've made one with a phototransistor!<br /> *** Could have been done with a normal transistor, too<br /> *** Way less useful that way<br /> <br /> === Week 4: Oscillators — and the venerable 555 ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a 555 circuit to blink an LED<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** High-level explanation, though more detail can come afterward for anyone who wants to know<br /> *** Modes of operation<br /> **** Look at [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ne555.pdf the datasheet]<br /> **** We're interested in the astable multivibrator<br /> ***** What does that mean?<br /> ** What crazy things do people do with it? ([http://www.555contest.com/ All kinds of things.])<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Wire one up ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-0-555.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Show output on an oscilloscope<br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** Look up forward voltages<br /> *** Use a different LED this time (maybe blue!)<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Figure out an appropriate current-limiting resistor<br /> *** Hook it up to the output of the 555 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-1-555-LED.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use one?<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Measure resistances between different terminals<br /> *** Could have used it in [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]] to vary regulator output voltage<br /> ** '''Another hands-on:''' Replace one of the 555 frequency-setting resistors ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-2-555-potentiometer.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Change its resistance and watch what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 5: Digital logic ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a Larson scanner (Schematic (more or less) from [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/CylonOLantern EMSL])<br /> <br /> * Use [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4's 555 project]] for the clock signal<br /> ** Can change resistor values to EMSL-recommended values to change speed<br /> * Leave out the low-pass filter because of time and cost<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Digital logic (in general)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Compare to analog electronics &amp;mdash; also has cool applications<br /> ** What can I do with it?<br /> *** State machines<br /> *** Multiplexers<br /> *** Counters<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Manual logic switch ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-0-switch.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** SPST on a line with a pull-up (or pull-down) resistor<br /> **** How does such a resistor work? What does it do?<br /> *** Watch it on a multimeter<br /> **** How does it differ from the SPST without the resistor?<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Hook one up to power and the 555 circuit from [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]<br /> *** Watch what happens &amp;mdash; connect each output pin to an LED to make it more obvious ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-1-counter.svg|schematic here (tested April 4, 2012) with different (i.e., faster) resistor values as suggested by EMSL]])<br /> * OR gate<br /> ** Review logic gates (if we got to them at the end of [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]])<br /> ** Why are we interested in these?<br /> *** Plot out Larson scanner details/excitation table<br /> ** We need four of them<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add them to the circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-2-Larson.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Watch the lights scan back and forth<br /> <br /> === Week 6: Soldering ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Solder [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5's project]] on a printed circuit board<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Solder<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use it?<br /> ** Leaded versus lead-free<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Here's some solder<br /> * Soldering iron<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I clean and tin the tip?<br /> ** '''Demo:''' How do I form a good solder joint?<br /> *** Heat both terminals<br /> *** Apply solder<br /> ** Examples of solder joints<br /> *** Ideal<br /> *** Cold<br /> *** Bridged<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder two wires together<br /> * Printed circuit board<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Fiberglass<br /> *** Copper traces/pads<br /> *** Drilled holes/plated vias<br /> *** Silkscreened markings<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder a component<br /> * Assembly<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Finish the board! ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week6-EAGLE.zip|PCB design (EAGLE) here, still untested]])<br /> * Bonus: Do I need one of these? (Other ways to mount circuits)<br /> ** Prototyping board, layout tools, etching (chemical and mechanical)<br /> <br /> == Bill of materials ==<br /> <br /> Pricing assumes 25 kits with no special discounts (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2010/06/01/big-news-all-hacker-spaces-in-the-world-get-adafruit-reseller-pricing-starting-today/ Adafruit hackerspace discount]). Total cost &amp;mdash; not including breadboard jumpers, multimeter, PCB and shipping for all of these things &amp;mdash; comes out to $368.20 (or $14.73 per person).<br /> <br /> === Equipment ===<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** Relatively inexpensive (but maybe more than we want students to spend)<br /> ** Voltage, current, resistance, continuity<br /> *** Diode test would be nice to have<br /> ** Do we want people to get their own, or do we want to use the space's?<br /> *** MAS830 ($337.50 for 25: [http://www.adafruit.com/products/71 Adafruit])<br /> *** Does the space have enough working meters? (If not, can we convince some place to donate some more?)<br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** Full size x1 ($180 for 25: [https://www.adafruit.com/products/239 Adafruit])<br /> * Battery holder<br /> ** 4xAA x1 ($21.18 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/BH14AAW/BH14AAW-ND/66735 Digi-Key])<br /> * Batteries<br /> ** Alkaline AA x4 ($33.48 for 100-pack: [http://www.amazon.com/Duracell-Coppertop-MN1500-Batteries-Count/dp/B006W9QIM2/ Amazon])<br /> <br /> === Things we could make ourselves ===<br /> <br /> * Assorted breadboard jumpers<br /> ** We could cut these ourselves to reduce cost, assuming we have enough small solid-core wire<br /> ** Apparently Digi-Key also sells these in [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/cat/prototyping-products/jumper-wire/2359516?stock=1&amp;pbfree=1&amp;rohs=1 packs of 150 or 200] for various lengths for $16.48<br /> *** Beginners might be more comfortable with longer pieces of wire (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/products/153 these packs of 75] for $6.00 each), though &amp;mdash; thoughts?<br /> * Printed circuit board for [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]<br /> ** Do we etch or mill these ourselves? Do we have some batch PCB service (e.g., Seeed, Sparkfun) get them done?<br /> ** First design (EAGLE files [https://gist.github.com/2067344 here]) is 1.70 x 3.00 inches<br /> *** BatchPCB price at that size for 25: $328.75 ($13.15 each)<br /> *** Fusion PCB price at that size for 30: $84.70 ($2.83 each)<br /> **** Fusion PCB price at that size for 50: $84.90 ($1.70 each)<br /> **** Both Fusion PCB prices are with the extra fee for testing all of them (instead of half) since it'd be nice not to have to troubleshoot the boards themselves in addition to the students' work<br /> *** Still have some room in the corner if we're interested in doing anything else with it<br /> <br /> === Components ===<br /> <br /> * LEDs<br /> ** 5mm red x10 ($19.38 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/WP7113SRC%2FDU/754-1274-ND/1747673 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (4017 output, later x6 for Larson scanner)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (Larson scanner)<br /> ** 5mm blue x1 ($4.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461-ND/1922944 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> * Switches<br /> ** SPDT slider x1 ($14.72 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/EG1218/EG1903-ND/101726 Digi-Key]) (Note: We only need SPST, but for some reason those are several times more expensive. Not sure why that is. SPDT will take a tad more explanation, but it shouldn't be that big of a deal.)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (power)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (logic)<br /> * Voltage regulator<br /> ** LM317 x1 ($9.80 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/LM317KCS/296-13869-5-ND/521368 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (regulator)<br /> * Resistors<br /> ** 220 &amp;Omega; x1 ($4.23 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT220R/S220QCT-ND/2617711 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider load), x1 (LM317 R1)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (current limiting)<br /> ** 360 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT360R/S360QCT-ND/2617740 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider top half), x1 (LM317 R2)<br /> ** 1 k&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1K00/S1KQCT-ND/2617685 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider bottom half)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (BJT base current)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (pull-up or pull-down resistor)<br /> ** 180 k&amp;Omega; x2 ($1.50 for 50: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT180K/S180KQCT-ND/2617681 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> ** 1 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1M00/S1MQCT-ND/2617692 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT2M00/S2MQCT-ND/2617726 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R2)<br /> ** 150 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT150R/S150QCT-ND/2617674 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> * Capacitors<br /> ** 0.1 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($2.91 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=20&amp;y=11&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3859-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (LM317 input filter)<br /> ** 0.22 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($5.00 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/FK18Y5V1H224Z/445-4806-ND/2050155 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> ** 0.01 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($4.70 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=7&amp;y=18&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3813-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($15.08 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CT6EP205/CT6EP205-ND/738311 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> * Transistors<br /> ** 2N3904 x1 ($6.90 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/2N3904-AP/2N3904-APCT-ND/950591 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (switch for output LED)<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** x1 ($6.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/PT334-6C/1080-1159-ND/2675650 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light sensor)<br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** NE555N x1 ($6.99 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/NE555N/497-1963-5-ND/599557 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (oscillator)<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** 74HC4017 x1 ($17.05 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/M74HC4017B1R/497-1835-5-ND/591928 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (counter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (counter)<br /> * OR gates<br /> ** 74HC32 x1 ($6.88 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/SN74HC32N/296-1589-5-ND/277235 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (count reverser)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (count reverser)</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-Slides.pdf&diff=8271 2012-10-18T03:47:43Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Category:Intro_to_Electronics These are the slides for the second session in the Intro to Electronics class. The main two activities involved building a voltage divider and using an LM317 voltage regulator. The schematics for those are [[Media:Int</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> These are the slides for the second session in the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. The main two activities involved building a voltage divider and using an LM317 voltage regulator. The schematics for those are [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-0-divider.svg|here]] and [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-2-LM317.svg|here]].</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Intro_to_Electronics&diff=8184 2012-10-04T01:25:04Z

<p>Myersjustinc: /* Week 1: Getting familiar with components */ Fixed a line break</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> == Concept ==<br /> <br /> The idea behind this course structure is for six sessions held a week apart. In order to provide a tangible end for students to feel like they’re working toward, each week will have a project; students will be walked through building that project and completing it by the end of the session.<br /> <br /> In that sense, each week stands alone &amp;mdash; a project started in one week does not need a future week in order to be complete. That said, later projects will depend on the knowledge gained in previous projects, and some of them will even be based on previous projects. (For example, [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5’s project]] is a Larson scanner, and it uses [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4’s project]] &amp;mdash; a typical 555-based astable multivibrator circuit &amp;mdash; to provide its clock signal.)<br /> <br /> The course starts with a few basic circuit components (a voltage source, a resistor and an LED) and an explanation of typical prototyping equipment (breadboard and multimeter) and builds up to include regulated power supplies, basic optoelectronics and eventually digital logic.<br /> <br /> It does not (at least in this draft) include much in the way of detailed exploration of analog electronics; it’s intended more as an introduction to the field of hobbyist electronics as a whole and to an assortment of the basic components one might find in a variety of projects.<br /> <br /> Suggestions are, of course, welcome, as are other potential projects to use in place of some of the ones listed here. (In particular, a good introductory op-amp project might be handy to have.) I’ve listed [[Intro to Electronics#Components|component prices]] for 25 students; my goal would be to keep the cost per student at $25 or less &amp;mdash; preferably more in the $20 range.<br /> <br /> == Syllabus ==<br /> <br /> === Week 1: Getting familiar with components ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Light an LED with AA batteries and an on-off switch<br /> <br /> '''Slides:''' [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-Slides.pdf]]<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How is it organized?<br /> ** Why is it useful?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's a breadboard<br /> * LED<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Not at the P/N junction level<br /> *** Current goes in, light comes out<br /> *** Current only flows in one direction (diode!)<br /> *** Too much current = bad<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one into the breadboard<br /> * Battery<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Roughly constant voltage source for a while<br /> *** Discharges over time &amp;mdash; voltage decreases<br /> **** Definition of &quot;dead&quot;<br /> *** Maybe some chemistry? Doubtful, though<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Batteries (three or four AAs) in a holder<br /> *** Plug them into the breadboard<br /> * Switch<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Define poles and throws<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one (SPST) into the breadboard<br /> * Resistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law<br /> **** Units of measurement<br /> ***** Ohm<br /> ***** Ampere<br /> ***** Volt<br /> *** Non-polarized<br /> *** Describe color codes<br /> **** Give resources &amp;mdash; memorizing is a bit daunting right now, I imagine<br /> *** Tolerances &amp;mdash; nothing's perfect<br /> **** What does a &amp;plusmn;5% tolerance mean?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Pick a resistor and plug it in to the breadboard<br /> *** Select using Ohm's Law<br /> * Schematic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Symbols<br /> *** LED<br /> *** Battery (DC source)<br /> *** Switch<br /> *** Resistor<br /> *** Ground!<br /> **** Define ground<br /> ** Draw one<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Connect components to match [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-0-LED.svg|this schematic (tested April 2, 2012)]]<br /> *** Moment of truth: Turn it on!<br /> <br /> === Week 2: Test equipment ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a power supply<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Review units of measurement<br /> *** Ohm<br /> *** Ampere<br /> *** Volt<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Measure [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|last week's LED circuit]]<br /> *** Voltages at different nodes<br /> *** Current through LED branch?<br /> *** Resistance of current-limiting resistor<br /> * Voltage divider<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law!<br /> *** Walk through the analysis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Build one ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-0-divider.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure no-load output voltage<br /> * Regulated versus unregulated power supply<br /> ** What's the difference?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add a load to the voltage divider ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-1-divider-loaded.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure difference in output voltage<br /> *** Why does this happen?<br /> **** Equivalent resistances in series and in parallel<br /> * Datasheet<br /> ** What are they?<br /> ** How can you find them?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's an LM317 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-2-LM317.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Look up example circuits in [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm117.pdf the datasheet]<br /> * Capacitor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Polarized (electrolytic) versus non-polarized (ceramic)<br /> *** Filter capacitors<br /> **** Show them on the datasheet's example circuit<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Build the example circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-3-LM317-filtered.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> **** Measure input voltage over time with and without filter capacitors<br /> ***** Not sure if we'll be able to notice on the multimeter<br /> * Oscilloscope (if there's time)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Time axis<br /> *** Voltage axis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Look at regulator's output waveform<br /> *** Vary load and see what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 3: Optoelectronics ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a night light (Many thanks to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight EMSL])<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** What does it take to light one?<br /> *** Remember to limit current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Light one<br /> *** Probably just rebuild [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1's circuit]] ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-0-LED.svg|schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]]), though you really don't even need the switch for this<br /> * Transistor (BJT)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Amplifier<br /> *** Switch &amp;mdash; what we'll focus on for now<br /> ** What are the different terminals?<br /> *** Base<br /> *** Collector<br /> *** Emitter<br /> ** NPN versus PNP<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Use one to control the LED ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-1-BJT.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Apply light instead of base current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add one to our circuit to switch the other transistor ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-2-phototransistor.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> *** Should look essentially identical to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight the EMSL circuit], except that we'll keep a current-limiting resistor in series with the LED<br /> *** Note: This phototransistor (like many others) is mainly sensitive to infrared and will consider a room lit only by fluorescent bulbs to be &quot;dark&quot;. Bring around a different lamp to test the projects.<br /> * Bonus: Start talking about digital logic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Logic gates<br /> *** High-level explanation<br /> *** Names: AND, OR, NOT (maybe XOR)<br /> *** Show examples of 7400-series ICs<br /> ** Show a schematic of a NOT gate (for example: [http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#inverter this one], [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-3-NOT.svg|presentation schematic here]])<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Compare the NOT gate schematic to our night light<br /> *** We've made one with a phototransistor!<br /> *** Could have been done with a normal transistor, too<br /> *** Way less useful that way<br /> <br /> === Week 4: Oscillators — and the venerable 555 ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a 555 circuit to blink an LED<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** High-level explanation, though more detail can come afterward for anyone who wants to know<br /> *** Modes of operation<br /> **** Look at [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ne555.pdf the datasheet]<br /> **** We're interested in the astable multivibrator<br /> ***** What does that mean?<br /> ** What crazy things do people do with it? ([http://www.555contest.com/ All kinds of things.])<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Wire one up ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-0-555.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Show output on an oscilloscope<br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** Look up forward voltages<br /> *** Use a different LED this time (maybe blue!)<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Figure out an appropriate current-limiting resistor<br /> *** Hook it up to the output of the 555 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-1-555-LED.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use one?<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Measure resistances between different terminals<br /> *** Could have used it in [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]] to vary regulator output voltage<br /> ** '''Another hands-on:''' Replace one of the 555 frequency-setting resistors ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-2-555-potentiometer.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Change its resistance and watch what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 5: Digital logic ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a Larson scanner (Schematic (more or less) from [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/CylonOLantern EMSL])<br /> <br /> * Use [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4's 555 project]] for the clock signal<br /> ** Can change resistor values to EMSL-recommended values to change speed<br /> * Leave out the low-pass filter because of time and cost<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Digital logic (in general)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Compare to analog electronics &amp;mdash; also has cool applications<br /> ** What can I do with it?<br /> *** State machines<br /> *** Multiplexers<br /> *** Counters<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Manual logic switch ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-0-switch.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** SPST on a line with a pull-up (or pull-down) resistor<br /> **** How does such a resistor work? What does it do?<br /> *** Watch it on a multimeter<br /> **** How does it differ from the SPST without the resistor?<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Hook one up to power and the 555 circuit from [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]<br /> *** Watch what happens &amp;mdash; connect each output pin to an LED to make it more obvious ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-1-counter.svg|schematic here (tested April 4, 2012) with different (i.e., faster) resistor values as suggested by EMSL]])<br /> * OR gate<br /> ** Review logic gates (if we got to them at the end of [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]])<br /> ** Why are we interested in these?<br /> *** Plot out Larson scanner details/excitation table<br /> ** We need four of them<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add them to the circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-2-Larson.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Watch the lights scan back and forth<br /> <br /> === Week 6: Soldering ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Solder [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5's project]] on a printed circuit board<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Solder<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use it?<br /> ** Leaded versus lead-free<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Here's some solder<br /> * Soldering iron<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I clean and tin the tip?<br /> ** '''Demo:''' How do I form a good solder joint?<br /> *** Heat both terminals<br /> *** Apply solder<br /> ** Examples of solder joints<br /> *** Ideal<br /> *** Cold<br /> *** Bridged<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder two wires together<br /> * Printed circuit board<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Fiberglass<br /> *** Copper traces/pads<br /> *** Drilled holes/plated vias<br /> *** Silkscreened markings<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder a component<br /> * Assembly<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Finish the board! ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week6-EAGLE.zip|PCB design (EAGLE) here, still untested]])<br /> * Bonus: Do I need one of these? (Other ways to mount circuits)<br /> ** Prototyping board, layout tools, etching (chemical and mechanical)<br /> <br /> == Bill of materials ==<br /> <br /> Pricing assumes 25 kits with no special discounts (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2010/06/01/big-news-all-hacker-spaces-in-the-world-get-adafruit-reseller-pricing-starting-today/ Adafruit hackerspace discount]). Total cost &amp;mdash; not including breadboard jumpers, multimeter, PCB and shipping for all of these things &amp;mdash; comes out to $368.20 (or $14.73 per person).<br /> <br /> === Equipment ===<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** Relatively inexpensive (but maybe more than we want students to spend)<br /> ** Voltage, current, resistance, continuity<br /> *** Diode test would be nice to have<br /> ** Do we want people to get their own, or do we want to use the space's?<br /> *** MAS830 ($337.50 for 25: [http://www.adafruit.com/products/71 Adafruit])<br /> *** Does the space have enough working meters? (If not, can we convince some place to donate some more?)<br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** Full size x1 ($180 for 25: [https://www.adafruit.com/products/239 Adafruit])<br /> * Battery holder<br /> ** 4xAA x1 ($21.18 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/BH14AAW/BH14AAW-ND/66735 Digi-Key])<br /> * Batteries<br /> ** Alkaline AA x4 ($33.48 for 100-pack: [http://www.amazon.com/Duracell-Coppertop-MN1500-Batteries-Count/dp/B006W9QIM2/ Amazon])<br /> <br /> === Things we could make ourselves ===<br /> <br /> * Assorted breadboard jumpers<br /> ** We could cut these ourselves to reduce cost, assuming we have enough small solid-core wire<br /> ** Apparently Digi-Key also sells these in [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/cat/prototyping-products/jumper-wire/2359516?stock=1&amp;pbfree=1&amp;rohs=1 packs of 150 or 200] for various lengths for $16.48<br /> *** Beginners might be more comfortable with longer pieces of wire (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/products/153 these packs of 75] for $6.00 each), though &amp;mdash; thoughts?<br /> * Printed circuit board for [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]<br /> ** Do we etch or mill these ourselves? Do we have some batch PCB service (e.g., Seeed, Sparkfun) get them done?<br /> ** First design (EAGLE files [https://gist.github.com/2067344 here]) is 1.70 x 3.00 inches<br /> *** BatchPCB price at that size for 25: $328.75 ($13.15 each)<br /> *** Fusion PCB price at that size for 30: $84.70 ($2.83 each)<br /> **** Fusion PCB price at that size for 50: $84.90 ($1.70 each)<br /> **** Both Fusion PCB prices are with the extra fee for testing all of them (instead of half) since it'd be nice not to have to troubleshoot the boards themselves in addition to the students' work<br /> *** Still have some room in the corner if we're interested in doing anything else with it<br /> <br /> === Components ===<br /> <br /> * LEDs<br /> ** 5mm red x10 ($19.38 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/WP7113SRC%2FDU/754-1274-ND/1747673 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (4017 output, later x6 for Larson scanner)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (Larson scanner)<br /> ** 5mm blue x1 ($4.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461-ND/1922944 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> * Switches<br /> ** SPDT slider x1 ($14.72 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/EG1218/EG1903-ND/101726 Digi-Key]) (Note: We only need SPST, but for some reason those are several times more expensive. Not sure why that is. SPDT will take a tad more explanation, but it shouldn't be that big of a deal.)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (power)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (logic)<br /> * Voltage regulator<br /> ** LM317 x1 ($9.80 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/LM317KCS/296-13869-5-ND/521368 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (regulator)<br /> * Resistors<br /> ** 220 &amp;Omega; x1 ($4.23 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT220R/S220QCT-ND/2617711 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider load), x1 (LM317 R1)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (current limiting)<br /> ** 360 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT360R/S360QCT-ND/2617740 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider top half), x1 (LM317 R2)<br /> ** 1 k&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1K00/S1KQCT-ND/2617685 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider bottom half)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (BJT base current)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (pull-up or pull-down resistor)<br /> ** 180 k&amp;Omega; x2 ($1.50 for 50: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT180K/S180KQCT-ND/2617681 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> ** 1 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1M00/S1MQCT-ND/2617692 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT2M00/S2MQCT-ND/2617726 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R2)<br /> ** 150 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT150R/S150QCT-ND/2617674 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> * Capacitors<br /> ** 0.1 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($2.91 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=20&amp;y=11&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3859-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (LM317 input filter)<br /> ** 0.22 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($5.00 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/FK18Y5V1H224Z/445-4806-ND/2050155 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> ** 0.01 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($4.70 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=7&amp;y=18&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3813-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($15.08 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CT6EP205/CT6EP205-ND/738311 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> * Transistors<br /> ** 2N3904 x1 ($6.90 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/2N3904-AP/2N3904-APCT-ND/950591 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (switch for output LED)<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** x1 ($6.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/PT334-6C/1080-1159-ND/2675650 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light sensor)<br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** NE555N x1 ($6.99 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/NE555N/497-1963-5-ND/599557 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (oscillator)<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** 74HC4017 x1 ($17.05 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/M74HC4017B1R/497-1835-5-ND/591928 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (counter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (counter)<br /> * OR gates<br /> ** 74HC32 x1 ($6.88 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/SN74HC32N/296-1589-5-ND/277235 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (count reverser)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (count reverser)</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Intro_to_Electronics&diff=8183 2012-10-04T01:24:38Z

<p>Myersjustinc: /* Week 1: Getting familiar with components */ Added link to slides used Oct. 3, 2012</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> == Concept ==<br /> <br /> The idea behind this course structure is for six sessions held a week apart. In order to provide a tangible end for students to feel like they’re working toward, each week will have a project; students will be walked through building that project and completing it by the end of the session.<br /> <br /> In that sense, each week stands alone &amp;mdash; a project started in one week does not need a future week in order to be complete. That said, later projects will depend on the knowledge gained in previous projects, and some of them will even be based on previous projects. (For example, [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5’s project]] is a Larson scanner, and it uses [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4’s project]] &amp;mdash; a typical 555-based astable multivibrator circuit &amp;mdash; to provide its clock signal.)<br /> <br /> The course starts with a few basic circuit components (a voltage source, a resistor and an LED) and an explanation of typical prototyping equipment (breadboard and multimeter) and builds up to include regulated power supplies, basic optoelectronics and eventually digital logic.<br /> <br /> It does not (at least in this draft) include much in the way of detailed exploration of analog electronics; it’s intended more as an introduction to the field of hobbyist electronics as a whole and to an assortment of the basic components one might find in a variety of projects.<br /> <br /> Suggestions are, of course, welcome, as are other potential projects to use in place of some of the ones listed here. (In particular, a good introductory op-amp project might be handy to have.) I’ve listed [[Intro to Electronics#Components|component prices]] for 25 students; my goal would be to keep the cost per student at $25 or less &amp;mdash; preferably more in the $20 range.<br /> <br /> == Syllabus ==<br /> <br /> === Week 1: Getting familiar with components ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Light an LED with AA batteries and an on-off switch<br /> '''Slides:''' [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-Slides.pdf]]<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How is it organized?<br /> ** Why is it useful?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's a breadboard<br /> * LED<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Not at the P/N junction level<br /> *** Current goes in, light comes out<br /> *** Current only flows in one direction (diode!)<br /> *** Too much current = bad<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one into the breadboard<br /> * Battery<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Roughly constant voltage source for a while<br /> *** Discharges over time &amp;mdash; voltage decreases<br /> **** Definition of &quot;dead&quot;<br /> *** Maybe some chemistry? Doubtful, though<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Batteries (three or four AAs) in a holder<br /> *** Plug them into the breadboard<br /> * Switch<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Define poles and throws<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one (SPST) into the breadboard<br /> * Resistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law<br /> **** Units of measurement<br /> ***** Ohm<br /> ***** Ampere<br /> ***** Volt<br /> *** Non-polarized<br /> *** Describe color codes<br /> **** Give resources &amp;mdash; memorizing is a bit daunting right now, I imagine<br /> *** Tolerances &amp;mdash; nothing's perfect<br /> **** What does a &amp;plusmn;5% tolerance mean?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Pick a resistor and plug it in to the breadboard<br /> *** Select using Ohm's Law<br /> * Schematic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Symbols<br /> *** LED<br /> *** Battery (DC source)<br /> *** Switch<br /> *** Resistor<br /> *** Ground!<br /> **** Define ground<br /> ** Draw one<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Connect components to match [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-0-LED.svg|this schematic (tested April 2, 2012)]]<br /> *** Moment of truth: Turn it on!<br /> <br /> === Week 2: Test equipment ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a power supply<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Review units of measurement<br /> *** Ohm<br /> *** Ampere<br /> *** Volt<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Measure [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|last week's LED circuit]]<br /> *** Voltages at different nodes<br /> *** Current through LED branch?<br /> *** Resistance of current-limiting resistor<br /> * Voltage divider<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law!<br /> *** Walk through the analysis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Build one ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-0-divider.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure no-load output voltage<br /> * Regulated versus unregulated power supply<br /> ** What's the difference?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add a load to the voltage divider ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-1-divider-loaded.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure difference in output voltage<br /> *** Why does this happen?<br /> **** Equivalent resistances in series and in parallel<br /> * Datasheet<br /> ** What are they?<br /> ** How can you find them?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's an LM317 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-2-LM317.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Look up example circuits in [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm117.pdf the datasheet]<br /> * Capacitor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Polarized (electrolytic) versus non-polarized (ceramic)<br /> *** Filter capacitors<br /> **** Show them on the datasheet's example circuit<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Build the example circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-3-LM317-filtered.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> **** Measure input voltage over time with and without filter capacitors<br /> ***** Not sure if we'll be able to notice on the multimeter<br /> * Oscilloscope (if there's time)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Time axis<br /> *** Voltage axis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Look at regulator's output waveform<br /> *** Vary load and see what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 3: Optoelectronics ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a night light (Many thanks to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight EMSL])<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** What does it take to light one?<br /> *** Remember to limit current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Light one<br /> *** Probably just rebuild [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1's circuit]] ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-0-LED.svg|schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]]), though you really don't even need the switch for this<br /> * Transistor (BJT)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Amplifier<br /> *** Switch &amp;mdash; what we'll focus on for now<br /> ** What are the different terminals?<br /> *** Base<br /> *** Collector<br /> *** Emitter<br /> ** NPN versus PNP<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Use one to control the LED ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-1-BJT.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Apply light instead of base current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add one to our circuit to switch the other transistor ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-2-phototransistor.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> *** Should look essentially identical to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight the EMSL circuit], except that we'll keep a current-limiting resistor in series with the LED<br /> *** Note: This phototransistor (like many others) is mainly sensitive to infrared and will consider a room lit only by fluorescent bulbs to be &quot;dark&quot;. Bring around a different lamp to test the projects.<br /> * Bonus: Start talking about digital logic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Logic gates<br /> *** High-level explanation<br /> *** Names: AND, OR, NOT (maybe XOR)<br /> *** Show examples of 7400-series ICs<br /> ** Show a schematic of a NOT gate (for example: [http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#inverter this one], [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-3-NOT.svg|presentation schematic here]])<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Compare the NOT gate schematic to our night light<br /> *** We've made one with a phototransistor!<br /> *** Could have been done with a normal transistor, too<br /> *** Way less useful that way<br /> <br /> === Week 4: Oscillators — and the venerable 555 ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a 555 circuit to blink an LED<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** High-level explanation, though more detail can come afterward for anyone who wants to know<br /> *** Modes of operation<br /> **** Look at [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ne555.pdf the datasheet]<br /> **** We're interested in the astable multivibrator<br /> ***** What does that mean?<br /> ** What crazy things do people do with it? ([http://www.555contest.com/ All kinds of things.])<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Wire one up ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-0-555.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Show output on an oscilloscope<br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** Look up forward voltages<br /> *** Use a different LED this time (maybe blue!)<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Figure out an appropriate current-limiting resistor<br /> *** Hook it up to the output of the 555 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-1-555-LED.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use one?<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Measure resistances between different terminals<br /> *** Could have used it in [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]] to vary regulator output voltage<br /> ** '''Another hands-on:''' Replace one of the 555 frequency-setting resistors ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-2-555-potentiometer.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Change its resistance and watch what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 5: Digital logic ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a Larson scanner (Schematic (more or less) from [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/CylonOLantern EMSL])<br /> <br /> * Use [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4's 555 project]] for the clock signal<br /> ** Can change resistor values to EMSL-recommended values to change speed<br /> * Leave out the low-pass filter because of time and cost<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Digital logic (in general)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Compare to analog electronics &amp;mdash; also has cool applications<br /> ** What can I do with it?<br /> *** State machines<br /> *** Multiplexers<br /> *** Counters<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Manual logic switch ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-0-switch.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** SPST on a line with a pull-up (or pull-down) resistor<br /> **** How does such a resistor work? What does it do?<br /> *** Watch it on a multimeter<br /> **** How does it differ from the SPST without the resistor?<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Hook one up to power and the 555 circuit from [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]<br /> *** Watch what happens &amp;mdash; connect each output pin to an LED to make it more obvious ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-1-counter.svg|schematic here (tested April 4, 2012) with different (i.e., faster) resistor values as suggested by EMSL]])<br /> * OR gate<br /> ** Review logic gates (if we got to them at the end of [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]])<br /> ** Why are we interested in these?<br /> *** Plot out Larson scanner details/excitation table<br /> ** We need four of them<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add them to the circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-2-Larson.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Watch the lights scan back and forth<br /> <br /> === Week 6: Soldering ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Solder [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5's project]] on a printed circuit board<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Solder<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use it?<br /> ** Leaded versus lead-free<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Here's some solder<br /> * Soldering iron<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I clean and tin the tip?<br /> ** '''Demo:''' How do I form a good solder joint?<br /> *** Heat both terminals<br /> *** Apply solder<br /> ** Examples of solder joints<br /> *** Ideal<br /> *** Cold<br /> *** Bridged<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder two wires together<br /> * Printed circuit board<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Fiberglass<br /> *** Copper traces/pads<br /> *** Drilled holes/plated vias<br /> *** Silkscreened markings<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder a component<br /> * Assembly<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Finish the board! ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week6-EAGLE.zip|PCB design (EAGLE) here, still untested]])<br /> * Bonus: Do I need one of these? (Other ways to mount circuits)<br /> ** Prototyping board, layout tools, etching (chemical and mechanical)<br /> <br /> == Bill of materials ==<br /> <br /> Pricing assumes 25 kits with no special discounts (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2010/06/01/big-news-all-hacker-spaces-in-the-world-get-adafruit-reseller-pricing-starting-today/ Adafruit hackerspace discount]). Total cost &amp;mdash; not including breadboard jumpers, multimeter, PCB and shipping for all of these things &amp;mdash; comes out to $368.20 (or $14.73 per person).<br /> <br /> === Equipment ===<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** Relatively inexpensive (but maybe more than we want students to spend)<br /> ** Voltage, current, resistance, continuity<br /> *** Diode test would be nice to have<br /> ** Do we want people to get their own, or do we want to use the space's?<br /> *** MAS830 ($337.50 for 25: [http://www.adafruit.com/products/71 Adafruit])<br /> *** Does the space have enough working meters? (If not, can we convince some place to donate some more?)<br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** Full size x1 ($180 for 25: [https://www.adafruit.com/products/239 Adafruit])<br /> * Battery holder<br /> ** 4xAA x1 ($21.18 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/BH14AAW/BH14AAW-ND/66735 Digi-Key])<br /> * Batteries<br /> ** Alkaline AA x4 ($33.48 for 100-pack: [http://www.amazon.com/Duracell-Coppertop-MN1500-Batteries-Count/dp/B006W9QIM2/ Amazon])<br /> <br /> === Things we could make ourselves ===<br /> <br /> * Assorted breadboard jumpers<br /> ** We could cut these ourselves to reduce cost, assuming we have enough small solid-core wire<br /> ** Apparently Digi-Key also sells these in [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/cat/prototyping-products/jumper-wire/2359516?stock=1&amp;pbfree=1&amp;rohs=1 packs of 150 or 200] for various lengths for $16.48<br /> *** Beginners might be more comfortable with longer pieces of wire (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/products/153 these packs of 75] for $6.00 each), though &amp;mdash; thoughts?<br /> * Printed circuit board for [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]<br /> ** Do we etch or mill these ourselves? Do we have some batch PCB service (e.g., Seeed, Sparkfun) get them done?<br /> ** First design (EAGLE files [https://gist.github.com/2067344 here]) is 1.70 x 3.00 inches<br /> *** BatchPCB price at that size for 25: $328.75 ($13.15 each)<br /> *** Fusion PCB price at that size for 30: $84.70 ($2.83 each)<br /> **** Fusion PCB price at that size for 50: $84.90 ($1.70 each)<br /> **** Both Fusion PCB prices are with the extra fee for testing all of them (instead of half) since it'd be nice not to have to troubleshoot the boards themselves in addition to the students' work<br /> *** Still have some room in the corner if we're interested in doing anything else with it<br /> <br /> === Components ===<br /> <br /> * LEDs<br /> ** 5mm red x10 ($19.38 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/WP7113SRC%2FDU/754-1274-ND/1747673 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (4017 output, later x6 for Larson scanner)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (Larson scanner)<br /> ** 5mm blue x1 ($4.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461-ND/1922944 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> * Switches<br /> ** SPDT slider x1 ($14.72 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/EG1218/EG1903-ND/101726 Digi-Key]) (Note: We only need SPST, but for some reason those are several times more expensive. Not sure why that is. SPDT will take a tad more explanation, but it shouldn't be that big of a deal.)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (power)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (logic)<br /> * Voltage regulator<br /> ** LM317 x1 ($9.80 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/LM317KCS/296-13869-5-ND/521368 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (regulator)<br /> * Resistors<br /> ** 220 &amp;Omega; x1 ($4.23 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT220R/S220QCT-ND/2617711 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider load), x1 (LM317 R1)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (current limiting)<br /> ** 360 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT360R/S360QCT-ND/2617740 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider top half), x1 (LM317 R2)<br /> ** 1 k&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1K00/S1KQCT-ND/2617685 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider bottom half)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (BJT base current)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (pull-up or pull-down resistor)<br /> ** 180 k&amp;Omega; x2 ($1.50 for 50: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT180K/S180KQCT-ND/2617681 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> ** 1 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1M00/S1MQCT-ND/2617692 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT2M00/S2MQCT-ND/2617726 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R2)<br /> ** 150 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT150R/S150QCT-ND/2617674 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> * Capacitors<br /> ** 0.1 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($2.91 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=20&amp;y=11&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3859-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (LM317 input filter)<br /> ** 0.22 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($5.00 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/FK18Y5V1H224Z/445-4806-ND/2050155 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> ** 0.01 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($4.70 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=7&amp;y=18&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3813-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($15.08 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CT6EP205/CT6EP205-ND/738311 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> * Transistors<br /> ** 2N3904 x1 ($6.90 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/2N3904-AP/2N3904-APCT-ND/950591 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (switch for output LED)<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** x1 ($6.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/PT334-6C/1080-1159-ND/2675650 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light sensor)<br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** NE555N x1 ($6.99 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/NE555N/497-1963-5-ND/599557 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (oscillator)<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** 74HC4017 x1 ($17.05 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/M74HC4017B1R/497-1835-5-ND/591928 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (counter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (counter)<br /> * OR gates<br /> ** 74HC32 x1 ($6.88 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/SN74HC32N/296-1589-5-ND/277235 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (count reverser)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (count reverser)</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-Slides.pdf&diff=8182 2012-10-04T01:16:33Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Category:Intro_to_Electronics These are the slides for the first project in the Intro to Electronics class. There&#039;s some organizational information about the class in here, but the night&#039;s main project is to light up an LED using a switch. The sch</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> These are the slides for the first project in the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. There's some organizational information about the class in here, but the night's main project is to light up an LED using a switch. The schematic for that is [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-0-LED.svg|here]].</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Logo&diff=7440 2012-05-01T00:21:43Z

<p>Myersjustinc: /* Nautilus/DC Flag graphic with text */ Whoops, STL link was bad</p> <hr /> <div>== Spec ==<br /> * Description of the logo to be used as a standard for reproduction from scratch.<br /> <br /> ===Font===<br /> * description (mathematical/typographic/etc?)<br /> * [http://dejavu-fonts.org/wiki/Main_Page DejaVu] Sans Semi-Condensed Bold stretched and squished:<br /> ** the &quot;HAC&quot; part is scaled x*1.0889332 y*0.91832998<br /> ** the &quot;DC&quot; part is scaled x*1.3575506 y*0.73662079<br /> <br /> ===Size &amp; Shape ===<br /> * Proportional sizes and positions of the components<br /> <br /> ===Color(s)===<br /> * standard colors or number/shades thereof?<br /> <br /> == Nautilus/DC Flag graphic only ==<br /> <br /> [[:File:Hacdc.svg]]<br /> <br /> [[:File:Hacdc.eps]]<br /> <br /> == Nautilus/DC Flag graphic with text ==<br /> <br /> [[:File:Hacdc.withtext.svg]]<br /> <br /> [[:File:Hacdc.withtext.eps]]<br /> <br /> [[:File:Hacdc.withtext.simplified.stl]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Marketing]]</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Hacdc.withtext.simplified.stl&diff=7439 2012-05-01T00:14:49Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Changed link style</p> <hr /> <div>STL of the HacDC logo, extruded using [[:File:Hacdc.withtext.simplified.scad]]</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Hacdc.withtext.simplified.scad&diff=7438 2012-05-01T00:14:32Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Changed file link</p> <hr /> <div>Really simple extrusion of [[:File:Hacdc.withtext.simplified.dxf]] in OpenSCAD of the HacDC logo</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Logo&diff=7437 2012-05-01T00:14:11Z

<p>Myersjustinc: /* Nautilus/DC Flag graphic with text */ Added STL version of logo</p> <hr /> <div>== Spec ==<br /> * Description of the logo to be used as a standard for reproduction from scratch.<br /> <br /> ===Font===<br /> * description (mathematical/typographic/etc?)<br /> * [http://dejavu-fonts.org/wiki/Main_Page DejaVu] Sans Semi-Condensed Bold stretched and squished:<br /> ** the &quot;HAC&quot; part is scaled x*1.0889332 y*0.91832998<br /> ** the &quot;DC&quot; part is scaled x*1.3575506 y*0.73662079<br /> <br /> ===Size &amp; Shape ===<br /> * Proportional sizes and positions of the components<br /> <br /> ===Color(s)===<br /> * standard colors or number/shades thereof?<br /> <br /> == Nautilus/DC Flag graphic only ==<br /> <br /> [[:File:Hacdc.svg]]<br /> <br /> [[:File:Hacdc.eps]]<br /> <br /> == Nautilus/DC Flag graphic with text ==<br /> <br /> [[:File:Hacdc.withtext.svg]]<br /> <br /> [[:File:Hacdc.withtext.eps]]<br /> <br /> [[:File:Hacdc.withtext.stl]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Marketing]]</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Hacdc.withtext.simplified.stl&diff=7436 2012-05-01T00:10:20Z

<p>Myersjustinc: STL of the HacDC logo, extruded using Media:Hacdc.withtext.simplified.scad</p> <hr /> <div>STL of the HacDC logo, extruded using [[Media:Hacdc.withtext.simplified.scad]]</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Hacdc.withtext.simplified.scad&diff=7435 2012-05-01T00:04:34Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Really simple extrusion of Media:Hacdc.withtext.simplified.dxf in OpenSCAD of the HacDC logo</p> <hr /> <div>Really simple extrusion of [[Media:Hacdc.withtext.simplified.dxf]] in OpenSCAD of the HacDC logo</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Hacdc.withtext.simplified.dxf&diff=7434 2012-05-01T00:03:39Z

<p>Myersjustinc: DXF of the HacDC logo for use with OpenSCAD</p> <hr /> <div>DXF of the HacDC logo for use with OpenSCAD</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=User:Myersjustinc&diff=7384 2012-04-22T00:30:55Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Added Members category</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Members]]<br /> I'm a developer for the [http://newshour.pbs.org/ PBS NewsHour] and am usually around the space on Monday nights. Right now I'm working on putting together the [[Intro to Electronics]] class.</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Intro_to_Electronics&diff=7156 2012-04-05T16:09:24Z

<p>Myersjustinc: /* Week 6: Soldering */ Added link to EAGLE files</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> == Concept ==<br /> <br /> The idea behind this course structure is for six sessions held a week apart. In order to provide a tangible end for students to feel like they’re working toward, each week will have a project; students will be walked through building that project and completing it by the end of the session.<br /> <br /> In that sense, each week stands alone &amp;mdash; a project started in one week does not need a future week in order to be complete. That said, later projects will depend on the knowledge gained in previous projects, and some of them will even be based on previous projects. (For example, [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5’s project]] is a Larson scanner, and it uses [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4’s project]] &amp;mdash; a typical 555-based astable multivibrator circuit &amp;mdash; to provide its clock signal.)<br /> <br /> The course starts with a few basic circuit components (a voltage source, a resistor and an LED) and an explanation of typical prototyping equipment (breadboard and multimeter) and builds up to include regulated power supplies, basic optoelectronics and eventually digital logic.<br /> <br /> It does not (at least in this draft) include much in the way of detailed exploration of analog electronics; it’s intended more as an introduction to the field of hobbyist electronics as a whole and to an assortment of the basic components one might find in a variety of projects.<br /> <br /> Suggestions are, of course, welcome, as are other potential projects to use in place of some of the ones listed here. (In particular, a good introductory op-amp project might be handy to have.) I’ve listed [[Intro to Electronics#Components|component prices]] for 25 students; my goal would be to keep the cost per student at $25 or less &amp;mdash; preferably more in the $20 range.<br /> <br /> == Syllabus ==<br /> <br /> === Week 1: Getting familiar with components ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Light an LED with AA batteries and an on-off switch<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How is it organized?<br /> ** Why is it useful?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's a breadboard<br /> * LED<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Not at the P/N junction level<br /> *** Current goes in, light comes out<br /> *** Current only flows in one direction (diode!)<br /> *** Too much current = bad<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one into the breadboard<br /> * Battery<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Roughly constant voltage source for a while<br /> *** Discharges over time &amp;mdash; voltage decreases<br /> **** Definition of &quot;dead&quot;<br /> *** Maybe some chemistry? Doubtful, though<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Batteries (three or four AAs) in a holder<br /> *** Plug them into the breadboard<br /> * Switch<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Define poles and throws<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one (SPST) into the breadboard<br /> * Resistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law<br /> **** Units of measurement<br /> ***** Ohm<br /> ***** Ampere<br /> ***** Volt<br /> *** Non-polarized<br /> *** Describe color codes<br /> **** Give resources &amp;mdash; memorizing is a bit daunting right now, I imagine<br /> *** Tolerances &amp;mdash; nothing's perfect<br /> **** What does a &amp;plusmn;5% tolerance mean?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Pick a resistor and plug it in to the breadboard<br /> *** Select using Ohm's Law<br /> * Schematic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Symbols<br /> *** LED<br /> *** Battery (DC source)<br /> *** Switch<br /> *** Resistor<br /> *** Ground!<br /> **** Define ground<br /> ** Draw one<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Connect components to match [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-0-LED.svg|this schematic (tested April 2, 2012)]]<br /> *** Moment of truth: Turn it on!<br /> <br /> === Week 2: Test equipment ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a power supply<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Review units of measurement<br /> *** Ohm<br /> *** Ampere<br /> *** Volt<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Measure [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|last week's LED circuit]]<br /> *** Voltages at different nodes<br /> *** Current through LED branch?<br /> *** Resistance of current-limiting resistor<br /> * Voltage divider<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law!<br /> *** Walk through the analysis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Build one ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-0-divider.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure no-load output voltage<br /> * Regulated versus unregulated power supply<br /> ** What's the difference?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add a load to the voltage divider ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-1-divider-loaded.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure difference in output voltage<br /> *** Why does this happen?<br /> **** Equivalent resistances in series and in parallel<br /> * Datasheet<br /> ** What are they?<br /> ** How can you find them?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's an LM317 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-2-LM317.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Look up example circuits in [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm117.pdf the datasheet]<br /> * Capacitor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Polarized (electrolytic) versus non-polarized (ceramic)<br /> *** Filter capacitors<br /> **** Show them on the datasheet's example circuit<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Build the example circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-3-LM317-filtered.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> **** Measure input voltage over time with and without filter capacitors<br /> ***** Not sure if we'll be able to notice on the multimeter<br /> * Oscilloscope (if there's time)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Time axis<br /> *** Voltage axis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Look at regulator's output waveform<br /> *** Vary load and see what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 3: Optoelectronics ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a night light (Many thanks to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight EMSL])<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** What does it take to light one?<br /> *** Remember to limit current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Light one<br /> *** Probably just rebuild [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1's circuit]] ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-0-LED.svg|schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]]), though you really don't even need the switch for this<br /> * Transistor (BJT)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Amplifier<br /> *** Switch &amp;mdash; what we'll focus on for now<br /> ** What are the different terminals?<br /> *** Base<br /> *** Collector<br /> *** Emitter<br /> ** NPN versus PNP<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Use one to control the LED ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-1-BJT.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Apply light instead of base current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add one to our circuit to switch the other transistor ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-2-phototransistor.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> *** Should look essentially identical to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight the EMSL circuit], except that we'll keep a current-limiting resistor in series with the LED<br /> *** Note: This phototransistor (like many others) is mainly sensitive to infrared and will consider a room lit only by fluorescent bulbs to be &quot;dark&quot;. Bring around a different lamp to test the projects.<br /> * Bonus: Start talking about digital logic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Logic gates<br /> *** High-level explanation<br /> *** Names: AND, OR, NOT (maybe XOR)<br /> *** Show examples of 7400-series ICs<br /> ** Show a schematic of a NOT gate (for example: [http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#inverter this one], [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-3-NOT.svg|presentation schematic here]])<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Compare the NOT gate schematic to our night light<br /> *** We've made one with a phototransistor!<br /> *** Could have been done with a normal transistor, too<br /> *** Way less useful that way<br /> <br /> === Week 4: Oscillators — and the venerable 555 ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a 555 circuit to blink an LED<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** High-level explanation, though more detail can come afterward for anyone who wants to know<br /> *** Modes of operation<br /> **** Look at [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ne555.pdf the datasheet]<br /> **** We're interested in the astable multivibrator<br /> ***** What does that mean?<br /> ** What crazy things do people do with it? ([http://www.555contest.com/ All kinds of things.])<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Wire one up ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-0-555.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Show output on an oscilloscope<br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** Look up forward voltages<br /> *** Use a different LED this time (maybe blue!)<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Figure out an appropriate current-limiting resistor<br /> *** Hook it up to the output of the 555 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-1-555-LED.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use one?<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Measure resistances between different terminals<br /> *** Could have used it in [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]] to vary regulator output voltage<br /> ** '''Another hands-on:''' Replace one of the 555 frequency-setting resistors ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-2-555-potentiometer.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Change its resistance and watch what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 5: Digital logic ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a Larson scanner (Schematic (more or less) from [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/CylonOLantern EMSL])<br /> <br /> * Use [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4's 555 project]] for the clock signal<br /> ** Can change resistor values to EMSL-recommended values to change speed<br /> * Leave out the low-pass filter because of time and cost<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Digital logic (in general)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Compare to analog electronics &amp;mdash; also has cool applications<br /> ** What can I do with it?<br /> *** State machines<br /> *** Multiplexers<br /> *** Counters<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Manual logic switch ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-0-switch.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** SPST on a line with a pull-up (or pull-down) resistor<br /> **** How does such a resistor work? What does it do?<br /> *** Watch it on a multimeter<br /> **** How does it differ from the SPST without the resistor?<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Hook one up to power and the 555 circuit from [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]<br /> *** Watch what happens &amp;mdash; connect each output pin to an LED to make it more obvious ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-1-counter.svg|schematic here (tested April 4, 2012) with different (i.e., faster) resistor values as suggested by EMSL]])<br /> * OR gate<br /> ** Review logic gates (if we got to them at the end of [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]])<br /> ** Why are we interested in these?<br /> *** Plot out Larson scanner details/excitation table<br /> ** We need four of them<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add them to the circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-2-Larson.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Watch the lights scan back and forth<br /> <br /> === Week 6: Soldering ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Solder [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5's project]] on a printed circuit board<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Solder<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use it?<br /> ** Leaded versus lead-free<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Here's some solder<br /> * Soldering iron<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I clean and tin the tip?<br /> ** '''Demo:''' How do I form a good solder joint?<br /> *** Heat both terminals<br /> *** Apply solder<br /> ** Examples of solder joints<br /> *** Ideal<br /> *** Cold<br /> *** Bridged<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder two wires together<br /> * Printed circuit board<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Fiberglass<br /> *** Copper traces/pads<br /> *** Drilled holes/plated vias<br /> *** Silkscreened markings<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder a component<br /> * Assembly<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Finish the board! ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week6-EAGLE.zip|PCB design (EAGLE) here, still untested]])<br /> * Bonus: Do I need one of these? (Other ways to mount circuits)<br /> ** Prototyping board, layout tools, etching (chemical and mechanical)<br /> <br /> == Bill of materials ==<br /> <br /> Pricing assumes 25 kits with no special discounts (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2010/06/01/big-news-all-hacker-spaces-in-the-world-get-adafruit-reseller-pricing-starting-today/ Adafruit hackerspace discount]). Total cost &amp;mdash; not including breadboard jumpers, multimeter, PCB and shipping for all of these things &amp;mdash; comes out to $368.20 (or $14.73 per person).<br /> <br /> === Equipment ===<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** Relatively inexpensive (but maybe more than we want students to spend)<br /> ** Voltage, current, resistance, continuity<br /> *** Diode test would be nice to have<br /> ** Do we want people to get their own, or do we want to use the space's?<br /> *** MAS830 ($337.50 for 25: [http://www.adafruit.com/products/71 Adafruit])<br /> *** Does the space have enough working meters? (If not, can we convince some place to donate some more?)<br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** Full size x1 ($180 for 25: [https://www.adafruit.com/products/239 Adafruit])<br /> * Battery holder<br /> ** 4xAA x1 ($21.18 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/BH14AAW/BH14AAW-ND/66735 Digi-Key])<br /> * Batteries<br /> ** Alkaline AA x4 ($33.48 for 100-pack: [http://www.amazon.com/Duracell-Coppertop-MN1500-Batteries-Count/dp/B006W9QIM2/ Amazon])<br /> <br /> === Things we could make ourselves ===<br /> <br /> * Assorted breadboard jumpers<br /> ** We could cut these ourselves to reduce cost, assuming we have enough small solid-core wire<br /> ** Apparently Digi-Key also sells these in [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/cat/prototyping-products/jumper-wire/2359516?stock=1&amp;pbfree=1&amp;rohs=1 packs of 150 or 200] for various lengths for $16.48<br /> *** Beginners might be more comfortable with longer pieces of wire (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/products/153 these packs of 75] for $6.00 each), though &amp;mdash; thoughts?<br /> * Printed circuit board for [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]<br /> ** Do we etch or mill these ourselves? Do we have some batch PCB service (e.g., Seeed, Sparkfun) get them done?<br /> ** First design (EAGLE files [https://gist.github.com/2067344 here]) is 1.70 x 3.00 inches<br /> *** BatchPCB price at that size for 25: $328.75 ($13.15 each)<br /> *** Fusion PCB price at that size for 30: $84.70 ($2.83 each)<br /> **** Fusion PCB price at that size for 50: $84.90 ($1.70 each)<br /> **** Both Fusion PCB prices are with the extra fee for testing all of them (instead of half) since it'd be nice not to have to troubleshoot the boards themselves in addition to the students' work<br /> *** Still have some room in the corner if we're interested in doing anything else with it<br /> <br /> === Components ===<br /> <br /> * LEDs<br /> ** 5mm red x10 ($19.38 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/WP7113SRC%2FDU/754-1274-ND/1747673 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (4017 output, later x6 for Larson scanner)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (Larson scanner)<br /> ** 5mm blue x1 ($4.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461-ND/1922944 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> * Switches<br /> ** SPDT slider x1 ($14.72 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/EG1218/EG1903-ND/101726 Digi-Key]) (Note: We only need SPST, but for some reason those are several times more expensive. Not sure why that is. SPDT will take a tad more explanation, but it shouldn't be that big of a deal.)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (power)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (logic)<br /> * Voltage regulator<br /> ** LM317 x1 ($9.80 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/LM317KCS/296-13869-5-ND/521368 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (regulator)<br /> * Resistors<br /> ** 220 &amp;Omega; x1 ($4.23 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT220R/S220QCT-ND/2617711 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider load), x1 (LM317 R1)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (current limiting)<br /> ** 360 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT360R/S360QCT-ND/2617740 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider top half), x1 (LM317 R2)<br /> ** 1 k&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1K00/S1KQCT-ND/2617685 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider bottom half)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (BJT base current)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (pull-up or pull-down resistor)<br /> ** 180 k&amp;Omega; x2 ($1.50 for 50: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT180K/S180KQCT-ND/2617681 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> ** 1 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1M00/S1MQCT-ND/2617692 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT2M00/S2MQCT-ND/2617726 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R2)<br /> ** 150 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT150R/S150QCT-ND/2617674 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> * Capacitors<br /> ** 0.1 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($2.91 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=20&amp;y=11&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3859-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (LM317 input filter)<br /> ** 0.22 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($5.00 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/FK18Y5V1H224Z/445-4806-ND/2050155 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> ** 0.01 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($4.70 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=7&amp;y=18&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3813-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($15.08 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CT6EP205/CT6EP205-ND/738311 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> * Transistors<br /> ** 2N3904 x1 ($6.90 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/2N3904-AP/2N3904-APCT-ND/950591 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (switch for output LED)<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** x1 ($6.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/PT334-6C/1080-1159-ND/2675650 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light sensor)<br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** NE555N x1 ($6.99 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/NE555N/497-1963-5-ND/599557 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (oscillator)<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** 74HC4017 x1 ($17.05 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/M74HC4017B1R/497-1835-5-ND/591928 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (counter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (counter)<br /> * OR gates<br /> ** 74HC32 x1 ($6.88 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/SN74HC32N/296-1589-5-ND/277235 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (count reverser)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (count reverser)</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week6-EAGLE.zip&diff=7155 2012-04-05T16:08:23Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Category:Intro_to_Electronics This is for Week 6 of the Intro to Electronics class. It&#039;s a printed circuit board design for the project at the end of Week 5. This has not been tested yet; it&#039;s bee</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> This is for Week 6 of the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. It's a printed circuit board design for the [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-2-Larson.svg|project at the end of Week 5]].<br /> <br /> This has not been tested yet; it's been submitted as part of a small batch order to the [http://www.seeedstudio.com/depot/fusion-pcb-service-p-835.html Fusion PCB service] and will be tested when the boards arrive.</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Intro_to_Electronics&diff=7112 2012-04-05T03:41:52Z

<p>Myersjustinc: /* Week 5: Digital logic */ Added tested schematic links</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> == Concept ==<br /> <br /> The idea behind this course structure is for six sessions held a week apart. In order to provide a tangible end for students to feel like they’re working toward, each week will have a project; students will be walked through building that project and completing it by the end of the session.<br /> <br /> In that sense, each week stands alone &amp;mdash; a project started in one week does not need a future week in order to be complete. That said, later projects will depend on the knowledge gained in previous projects, and some of them will even be based on previous projects. (For example, [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5’s project]] is a Larson scanner, and it uses [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4’s project]] &amp;mdash; a typical 555-based astable multivibrator circuit &amp;mdash; to provide its clock signal.)<br /> <br /> The course starts with a few basic circuit components (a voltage source, a resistor and an LED) and an explanation of typical prototyping equipment (breadboard and multimeter) and builds up to include regulated power supplies, basic optoelectronics and eventually digital logic.<br /> <br /> It does not (at least in this draft) include much in the way of detailed exploration of analog electronics; it’s intended more as an introduction to the field of hobbyist electronics as a whole and to an assortment of the basic components one might find in a variety of projects.<br /> <br /> Suggestions are, of course, welcome, as are other potential projects to use in place of some of the ones listed here. (In particular, a good introductory op-amp project might be handy to have.) I’ve listed [[Intro to Electronics#Components|component prices]] for 25 students; my goal would be to keep the cost per student at $25 or less &amp;mdash; preferably more in the $20 range.<br /> <br /> == Syllabus ==<br /> <br /> === Week 1: Getting familiar with components ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Light an LED with AA batteries and an on-off switch<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How is it organized?<br /> ** Why is it useful?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's a breadboard<br /> * LED<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Not at the P/N junction level<br /> *** Current goes in, light comes out<br /> *** Current only flows in one direction (diode!)<br /> *** Too much current = bad<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one into the breadboard<br /> * Battery<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Roughly constant voltage source for a while<br /> *** Discharges over time &amp;mdash; voltage decreases<br /> **** Definition of &quot;dead&quot;<br /> *** Maybe some chemistry? Doubtful, though<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Batteries (three or four AAs) in a holder<br /> *** Plug them into the breadboard<br /> * Switch<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Define poles and throws<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one (SPST) into the breadboard<br /> * Resistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law<br /> **** Units of measurement<br /> ***** Ohm<br /> ***** Ampere<br /> ***** Volt<br /> *** Non-polarized<br /> *** Describe color codes<br /> **** Give resources &amp;mdash; memorizing is a bit daunting right now, I imagine<br /> *** Tolerances &amp;mdash; nothing's perfect<br /> **** What does a &amp;plusmn;5% tolerance mean?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Pick a resistor and plug it in to the breadboard<br /> *** Select using Ohm's Law<br /> * Schematic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Symbols<br /> *** LED<br /> *** Battery (DC source)<br /> *** Switch<br /> *** Resistor<br /> *** Ground!<br /> **** Define ground<br /> ** Draw one<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Connect components to match [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-0-LED.svg|this schematic (tested April 2, 2012)]]<br /> *** Moment of truth: Turn it on!<br /> <br /> === Week 2: Test equipment ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a power supply<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Review units of measurement<br /> *** Ohm<br /> *** Ampere<br /> *** Volt<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Measure [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|last week's LED circuit]]<br /> *** Voltages at different nodes<br /> *** Current through LED branch?<br /> *** Resistance of current-limiting resistor<br /> * Voltage divider<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law!<br /> *** Walk through the analysis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Build one ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-0-divider.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure no-load output voltage<br /> * Regulated versus unregulated power supply<br /> ** What's the difference?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add a load to the voltage divider ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-1-divider-loaded.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure difference in output voltage<br /> *** Why does this happen?<br /> **** Equivalent resistances in series and in parallel<br /> * Datasheet<br /> ** What are they?<br /> ** How can you find them?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's an LM317 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-2-LM317.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Look up example circuits in [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm117.pdf the datasheet]<br /> * Capacitor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Polarized (electrolytic) versus non-polarized (ceramic)<br /> *** Filter capacitors<br /> **** Show them on the datasheet's example circuit<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Build the example circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-3-LM317-filtered.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> **** Measure input voltage over time with and without filter capacitors<br /> ***** Not sure if we'll be able to notice on the multimeter<br /> * Oscilloscope (if there's time)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Time axis<br /> *** Voltage axis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Look at regulator's output waveform<br /> *** Vary load and see what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 3: Optoelectronics ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a night light (Many thanks to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight EMSL])<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** What does it take to light one?<br /> *** Remember to limit current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Light one<br /> *** Probably just rebuild [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1's circuit]] ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-0-LED.svg|schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]]), though you really don't even need the switch for this<br /> * Transistor (BJT)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Amplifier<br /> *** Switch &amp;mdash; what we'll focus on for now<br /> ** What are the different terminals?<br /> *** Base<br /> *** Collector<br /> *** Emitter<br /> ** NPN versus PNP<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Use one to control the LED ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-1-BJT.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Apply light instead of base current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add one to our circuit to switch the other transistor ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-2-phototransistor.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> *** Should look essentially identical to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight the EMSL circuit], except that we'll keep a current-limiting resistor in series with the LED<br /> *** Note: This phototransistor (like many others) is mainly sensitive to infrared and will consider a room lit only by fluorescent bulbs to be &quot;dark&quot;. Bring around a different lamp to test the projects.<br /> * Bonus: Start talking about digital logic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Logic gates<br /> *** High-level explanation<br /> *** Names: AND, OR, NOT (maybe XOR)<br /> *** Show examples of 7400-series ICs<br /> ** Show a schematic of a NOT gate (for example: [http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#inverter this one], [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-3-NOT.svg|presentation schematic here]])<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Compare the NOT gate schematic to our night light<br /> *** We've made one with a phototransistor!<br /> *** Could have been done with a normal transistor, too<br /> *** Way less useful that way<br /> <br /> === Week 4: Oscillators — and the venerable 555 ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a 555 circuit to blink an LED<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** High-level explanation, though more detail can come afterward for anyone who wants to know<br /> *** Modes of operation<br /> **** Look at [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ne555.pdf the datasheet]<br /> **** We're interested in the astable multivibrator<br /> ***** What does that mean?<br /> ** What crazy things do people do with it? ([http://www.555contest.com/ All kinds of things.])<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Wire one up ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-0-555.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Show output on an oscilloscope<br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** Look up forward voltages<br /> *** Use a different LED this time (maybe blue!)<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Figure out an appropriate current-limiting resistor<br /> *** Hook it up to the output of the 555 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-1-555-LED.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use one?<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Measure resistances between different terminals<br /> *** Could have used it in [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]] to vary regulator output voltage<br /> ** '''Another hands-on:''' Replace one of the 555 frequency-setting resistors ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-2-555-potentiometer.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Change its resistance and watch what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 5: Digital logic ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a Larson scanner (Schematic (more or less) from [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/CylonOLantern EMSL])<br /> <br /> * Use [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4's 555 project]] for the clock signal<br /> ** Can change resistor values to EMSL-recommended values to change speed<br /> * Leave out the low-pass filter because of time and cost<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Digital logic (in general)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Compare to analog electronics &amp;mdash; also has cool applications<br /> ** What can I do with it?<br /> *** State machines<br /> *** Multiplexers<br /> *** Counters<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Manual logic switch ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-0-switch.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** SPST on a line with a pull-up (or pull-down) resistor<br /> **** How does such a resistor work? What does it do?<br /> *** Watch it on a multimeter<br /> **** How does it differ from the SPST without the resistor?<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Hook one up to power and the 555 circuit from [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]<br /> *** Watch what happens &amp;mdash; connect each output pin to an LED to make it more obvious ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-1-counter.svg|schematic here (tested April 4, 2012) with different (i.e., faster) resistor values as suggested by EMSL]])<br /> * OR gate<br /> ** Review logic gates (if we got to them at the end of [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]])<br /> ** Why are we interested in these?<br /> *** Plot out Larson scanner details/excitation table<br /> ** We need four of them<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add them to the circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-2-Larson.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Watch the lights scan back and forth<br /> <br /> === Week 6: Soldering ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Solder [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5's project]] on a printed circuit board<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Solder<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use it?<br /> ** Leaded versus lead-free<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Here's some solder<br /> * Soldering iron<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I clean and tin the tip?<br /> ** '''Demo:''' How do I form a good solder joint?<br /> *** Heat both terminals<br /> *** Apply solder<br /> ** Examples of solder joints<br /> *** Ideal<br /> *** Cold<br /> *** Bridged<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder two wires together<br /> * Printed circuit board<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Fiberglass<br /> *** Copper traces/pads<br /> *** Drilled holes/plated vias<br /> *** Silkscreened markings<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder a component<br /> * Assembly<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Finish the board!<br /> * Bonus: Do I need one of these? (Other ways to mount circuits)<br /> ** Prototyping board, layout tools, etching (chemical and mechanical)<br /> <br /> == Bill of materials ==<br /> <br /> Pricing assumes 25 kits with no special discounts (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2010/06/01/big-news-all-hacker-spaces-in-the-world-get-adafruit-reseller-pricing-starting-today/ Adafruit hackerspace discount]). Total cost &amp;mdash; not including breadboard jumpers, multimeter, PCB and shipping for all of these things &amp;mdash; comes out to $368.20 (or $14.73 per person).<br /> <br /> === Equipment ===<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** Relatively inexpensive (but maybe more than we want students to spend)<br /> ** Voltage, current, resistance, continuity<br /> *** Diode test would be nice to have<br /> ** Do we want people to get their own, or do we want to use the space's?<br /> *** MAS830 ($337.50 for 25: [http://www.adafruit.com/products/71 Adafruit])<br /> *** Does the space have enough working meters? (If not, can we convince some place to donate some more?)<br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** Full size x1 ($180 for 25: [https://www.adafruit.com/products/239 Adafruit])<br /> * Battery holder<br /> ** 4xAA x1 ($21.18 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/BH14AAW/BH14AAW-ND/66735 Digi-Key])<br /> * Batteries<br /> ** Alkaline AA x4 ($33.48 for 100-pack: [http://www.amazon.com/Duracell-Coppertop-MN1500-Batteries-Count/dp/B006W9QIM2/ Amazon])<br /> <br /> === Things we could make ourselves ===<br /> <br /> * Assorted breadboard jumpers<br /> ** We could cut these ourselves to reduce cost, assuming we have enough small solid-core wire<br /> ** Apparently Digi-Key also sells these in [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/cat/prototyping-products/jumper-wire/2359516?stock=1&amp;pbfree=1&amp;rohs=1 packs of 150 or 200] for various lengths for $16.48<br /> *** Beginners might be more comfortable with longer pieces of wire (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/products/153 these packs of 75] for $6.00 each), though &amp;mdash; thoughts?<br /> * Printed circuit board for [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]<br /> ** Do we etch or mill these ourselves? Do we have some batch PCB service (e.g., Seeed, Sparkfun) get them done?<br /> ** First design (EAGLE files [https://gist.github.com/2067344 here]) is 1.70 x 3.00 inches<br /> *** BatchPCB price at that size for 25: $328.75 ($13.15 each)<br /> *** Fusion PCB price at that size for 30: $84.70 ($2.83 each)<br /> **** Fusion PCB price at that size for 50: $84.90 ($1.70 each)<br /> **** Both Fusion PCB prices are with the extra fee for testing all of them (instead of half) since it'd be nice not to have to troubleshoot the boards themselves in addition to the students' work<br /> *** Still have some room in the corner if we're interested in doing anything else with it<br /> <br /> === Components ===<br /> <br /> * LEDs<br /> ** 5mm red x10 ($19.38 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/WP7113SRC%2FDU/754-1274-ND/1747673 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (4017 output, later x6 for Larson scanner)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (Larson scanner)<br /> ** 5mm blue x1 ($4.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461-ND/1922944 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> * Switches<br /> ** SPDT slider x1 ($14.72 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/EG1218/EG1903-ND/101726 Digi-Key]) (Note: We only need SPST, but for some reason those are several times more expensive. Not sure why that is. SPDT will take a tad more explanation, but it shouldn't be that big of a deal.)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (power)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (logic)<br /> * Voltage regulator<br /> ** LM317 x1 ($9.80 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/LM317KCS/296-13869-5-ND/521368 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (regulator)<br /> * Resistors<br /> ** 220 &amp;Omega; x1 ($4.23 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT220R/S220QCT-ND/2617711 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider load), x1 (LM317 R1)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (current limiting)<br /> ** 360 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT360R/S360QCT-ND/2617740 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider top half), x1 (LM317 R2)<br /> ** 1 k&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1K00/S1KQCT-ND/2617685 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider bottom half)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (BJT base current)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (pull-up or pull-down resistor)<br /> ** 180 k&amp;Omega; x2 ($1.50 for 50: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT180K/S180KQCT-ND/2617681 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> ** 1 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1M00/S1MQCT-ND/2617692 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT2M00/S2MQCT-ND/2617726 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R2)<br /> ** 150 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT150R/S150QCT-ND/2617674 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> * Capacitors<br /> ** 0.1 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($2.91 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=20&amp;y=11&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3859-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (LM317 input filter)<br /> ** 0.22 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($5.00 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/FK18Y5V1H224Z/445-4806-ND/2050155 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> ** 0.01 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($4.70 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=7&amp;y=18&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3813-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($15.08 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CT6EP205/CT6EP205-ND/738311 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> * Transistors<br /> ** 2N3904 x1 ($6.90 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/2N3904-AP/2N3904-APCT-ND/950591 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (switch for output LED)<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** x1 ($6.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/PT334-6C/1080-1159-ND/2675650 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light sensor)<br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** NE555N x1 ($6.99 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/NE555N/497-1963-5-ND/599557 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (oscillator)<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** 74HC4017 x1 ($17.05 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/M74HC4017B1R/497-1835-5-ND/591928 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (counter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (counter)<br /> * OR gates<br /> ** 74HC32 x1 ($6.88 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/SN74HC32N/296-1589-5-ND/277235 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (count reverser)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (count reverser)</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-2-Larson.svg&diff=7111 2012-04-05T03:37:16Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Category:Intro_to_Electronics This is the third lesson of Week 5 of the Intro to Electronics class. It combines a decimal counter, OR gates and a 555-based astable multivibrator circuit to make a [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/larson</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> This is the third lesson of Week 5 of the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. It combines a decimal counter, OR gates and a 555-based astable multivibrator circuit to make a [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/larsonkit Larson scanner].</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-1-counter.svg&diff=7110 2012-04-05T03:34:41Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Category:Intro_to_Electronics This is the second lesson of Week 5 of the Intro to Electronics class. It uses the output of a 555-based astable multivibrator circuit as the clock for a decimal counter that just turns on ten LEDs in order.</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> This is the second lesson of Week 5 of the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. It uses the output of a 555-based astable multivibrator circuit as the clock for a decimal counter that just turns on ten LEDs in order.</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week5-0-switch.svg&diff=7109 2012-04-05T03:33:26Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Category:Intro_to_Electronics This is the first lesson of Week 5 of the Intro to Electronics class. It illustrates logic levels using a switch and a pull-up resistor.</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> This is the first lesson of Week 5 of the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. It illustrates logic levels using a switch and a pull-up resistor.</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Intro_to_Electronics&diff=7108 2012-04-05T03:11:47Z

<p>Myersjustinc: /* Week 4: Oscillators — and the venerable 555 */ Added tested schematic links</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> == Concept ==<br /> <br /> The idea behind this course structure is for six sessions held a week apart. In order to provide a tangible end for students to feel like they’re working toward, each week will have a project; students will be walked through building that project and completing it by the end of the session.<br /> <br /> In that sense, each week stands alone &amp;mdash; a project started in one week does not need a future week in order to be complete. That said, later projects will depend on the knowledge gained in previous projects, and some of them will even be based on previous projects. (For example, [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5’s project]] is a Larson scanner, and it uses [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4’s project]] &amp;mdash; a typical 555-based astable multivibrator circuit &amp;mdash; to provide its clock signal.)<br /> <br /> The course starts with a few basic circuit components (a voltage source, a resistor and an LED) and an explanation of typical prototyping equipment (breadboard and multimeter) and builds up to include regulated power supplies, basic optoelectronics and eventually digital logic.<br /> <br /> It does not (at least in this draft) include much in the way of detailed exploration of analog electronics; it’s intended more as an introduction to the field of hobbyist electronics as a whole and to an assortment of the basic components one might find in a variety of projects.<br /> <br /> Suggestions are, of course, welcome, as are other potential projects to use in place of some of the ones listed here. (In particular, a good introductory op-amp project might be handy to have.) I’ve listed [[Intro to Electronics#Components|component prices]] for 25 students; my goal would be to keep the cost per student at $25 or less &amp;mdash; preferably more in the $20 range.<br /> <br /> == Syllabus ==<br /> <br /> === Week 1: Getting familiar with components ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Light an LED with AA batteries and an on-off switch<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How is it organized?<br /> ** Why is it useful?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's a breadboard<br /> * LED<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Not at the P/N junction level<br /> *** Current goes in, light comes out<br /> *** Current only flows in one direction (diode!)<br /> *** Too much current = bad<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one into the breadboard<br /> * Battery<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Roughly constant voltage source for a while<br /> *** Discharges over time &amp;mdash; voltage decreases<br /> **** Definition of &quot;dead&quot;<br /> *** Maybe some chemistry? Doubtful, though<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Batteries (three or four AAs) in a holder<br /> *** Plug them into the breadboard<br /> * Switch<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Define poles and throws<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one (SPST) into the breadboard<br /> * Resistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law<br /> **** Units of measurement<br /> ***** Ohm<br /> ***** Ampere<br /> ***** Volt<br /> *** Non-polarized<br /> *** Describe color codes<br /> **** Give resources &amp;mdash; memorizing is a bit daunting right now, I imagine<br /> *** Tolerances &amp;mdash; nothing's perfect<br /> **** What does a &amp;plusmn;5% tolerance mean?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Pick a resistor and plug it in to the breadboard<br /> *** Select using Ohm's Law<br /> * Schematic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Symbols<br /> *** LED<br /> *** Battery (DC source)<br /> *** Switch<br /> *** Resistor<br /> *** Ground!<br /> **** Define ground<br /> ** Draw one<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Connect components to match [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-0-LED.svg|this schematic (tested April 2, 2012)]]<br /> *** Moment of truth: Turn it on!<br /> <br /> === Week 2: Test equipment ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a power supply<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Review units of measurement<br /> *** Ohm<br /> *** Ampere<br /> *** Volt<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Measure [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|last week's LED circuit]]<br /> *** Voltages at different nodes<br /> *** Current through LED branch?<br /> *** Resistance of current-limiting resistor<br /> * Voltage divider<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law!<br /> *** Walk through the analysis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Build one ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-0-divider.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure no-load output voltage<br /> * Regulated versus unregulated power supply<br /> ** What's the difference?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add a load to the voltage divider ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-1-divider-loaded.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure difference in output voltage<br /> *** Why does this happen?<br /> **** Equivalent resistances in series and in parallel<br /> * Datasheet<br /> ** What are they?<br /> ** How can you find them?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's an LM317 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-2-LM317.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Look up example circuits in [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm117.pdf the datasheet]<br /> * Capacitor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Polarized (electrolytic) versus non-polarized (ceramic)<br /> *** Filter capacitors<br /> **** Show them on the datasheet's example circuit<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Build the example circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-3-LM317-filtered.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> **** Measure input voltage over time with and without filter capacitors<br /> ***** Not sure if we'll be able to notice on the multimeter<br /> * Oscilloscope (if there's time)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Time axis<br /> *** Voltage axis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Look at regulator's output waveform<br /> *** Vary load and see what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 3: Optoelectronics ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a night light (Many thanks to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight EMSL])<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** What does it take to light one?<br /> *** Remember to limit current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Light one<br /> *** Probably just rebuild [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1's circuit]] ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-0-LED.svg|schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]]), though you really don't even need the switch for this<br /> * Transistor (BJT)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Amplifier<br /> *** Switch &amp;mdash; what we'll focus on for now<br /> ** What are the different terminals?<br /> *** Base<br /> *** Collector<br /> *** Emitter<br /> ** NPN versus PNP<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Use one to control the LED ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-1-BJT.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Apply light instead of base current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add one to our circuit to switch the other transistor ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-2-phototransistor.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> *** Should look essentially identical to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight the EMSL circuit], except that we'll keep a current-limiting resistor in series with the LED<br /> *** Note: This phototransistor (like many others) is mainly sensitive to infrared and will consider a room lit only by fluorescent bulbs to be &quot;dark&quot;. Bring around a different lamp to test the projects.<br /> * Bonus: Start talking about digital logic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Logic gates<br /> *** High-level explanation<br /> *** Names: AND, OR, NOT (maybe XOR)<br /> *** Show examples of 7400-series ICs<br /> ** Show a schematic of a NOT gate (for example: [http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#inverter this one], [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-3-NOT.svg|presentation schematic here]])<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Compare the NOT gate schematic to our night light<br /> *** We've made one with a phototransistor!<br /> *** Could have been done with a normal transistor, too<br /> *** Way less useful that way<br /> <br /> === Week 4: Oscillators — and the venerable 555 ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a 555 circuit to blink an LED<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** High-level explanation, though more detail can come afterward for anyone who wants to know<br /> *** Modes of operation<br /> **** Look at [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ne555.pdf the datasheet]<br /> **** We're interested in the astable multivibrator<br /> ***** What does that mean?<br /> ** What crazy things do people do with it? ([http://www.555contest.com/ All kinds of things.])<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Wire one up ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-0-555.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Show output on an oscilloscope<br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** Look up forward voltages<br /> *** Use a different LED this time (maybe blue!)<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Figure out an appropriate current-limiting resistor<br /> *** Hook it up to the output of the 555 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-1-555-LED.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use one?<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Measure resistances between different terminals<br /> *** Could have used it in [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]] to vary regulator output voltage<br /> ** '''Another hands-on:''' Replace one of the 555 frequency-setting resistors ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-2-555-potentiometer.svg|Schematic here (tested April 4, 2012)]])<br /> *** Change its resistance and watch what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 5: Digital logic ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a Larson scanner (Schematic (more or less) from [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/CylonOLantern EMSL])<br /> <br /> * Use [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4's 555 project]] for the clock signal<br /> ** Can change resistor values to EMSL values at the end to change speed<br /> * Probably leave out the low-pass filter because of time and cost<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Digital logic (in general)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Compare to analog electronics &amp;mdash; also has cool applications<br /> ** What can I do with it?<br /> *** State machines<br /> *** Multiplexers<br /> *** Counters<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Manual logic switch<br /> *** SPST on a line with a pull-up (or pull-down) resistor<br /> **** How does such a resistor work? What does it do?<br /> *** Watch it on a multimeter<br /> **** How does it differ from the SPST without the resistor?<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Hook one up to power<br /> *** Use the logic switch we just built to control the counter's clock signal<br /> *** Watch what happens &amp;mdash; maybe connect each output pin to an LED to make it more obvious?<br /> * 555 (review)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** What did we do with one in [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]?<br /> *** Astable multivibrator!<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Use it as the clock signal<br /> *** 555 output pin connects to counter clock pin<br /> *** Use resistor values from [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/CylonOLantern EMSL tutorial]<br /> * OR gate<br /> ** Review logic gates (if we got to them at the end of [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]])<br /> ** Why are we interested in these?<br /> *** Plot out Larson scanner details/excitation table<br /> ** We need four of them<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add them to the circuit<br /> *** Watch the lights scan back and forth<br /> <br /> === Week 6: Soldering ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Solder [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5's project]] on a printed circuit board<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Solder<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use it?<br /> ** Leaded versus lead-free<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Here's some solder<br /> * Soldering iron<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I clean and tin the tip?<br /> ** '''Demo:''' How do I form a good solder joint?<br /> *** Heat both terminals<br /> *** Apply solder<br /> ** Examples of solder joints<br /> *** Ideal<br /> *** Cold<br /> *** Bridged<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder two wires together<br /> * Printed circuit board<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Fiberglass<br /> *** Copper traces/pads<br /> *** Drilled holes/plated vias<br /> *** Silkscreened markings<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder a component<br /> * Assembly<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Finish the board!<br /> * Bonus: Do I need one of these? (Other ways to mount circuits)<br /> ** Prototyping board, layout tools, etching (chemical and mechanical)<br /> <br /> == Bill of materials ==<br /> <br /> Pricing assumes 25 kits with no special discounts (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2010/06/01/big-news-all-hacker-spaces-in-the-world-get-adafruit-reseller-pricing-starting-today/ Adafruit hackerspace discount]). Total cost &amp;mdash; not including breadboard jumpers, multimeter, PCB and shipping for all of these things &amp;mdash; comes out to $368.20 (or $14.73 per person).<br /> <br /> === Equipment ===<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** Relatively inexpensive (but maybe more than we want students to spend)<br /> ** Voltage, current, resistance, continuity<br /> *** Diode test would be nice to have<br /> ** Do we want people to get their own, or do we want to use the space's?<br /> *** MAS830 ($337.50 for 25: [http://www.adafruit.com/products/71 Adafruit])<br /> *** Does the space have enough working meters? (If not, can we convince some place to donate some more?)<br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** Full size x1 ($180 for 25: [https://www.adafruit.com/products/239 Adafruit])<br /> * Battery holder<br /> ** 4xAA x1 ($21.18 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/BH14AAW/BH14AAW-ND/66735 Digi-Key])<br /> * Batteries<br /> ** Alkaline AA x4 ($33.48 for 100-pack: [http://www.amazon.com/Duracell-Coppertop-MN1500-Batteries-Count/dp/B006W9QIM2/ Amazon])<br /> <br /> === Things we could make ourselves ===<br /> <br /> * Assorted breadboard jumpers<br /> ** We could cut these ourselves to reduce cost, assuming we have enough small solid-core wire<br /> ** Apparently Digi-Key also sells these in [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/cat/prototyping-products/jumper-wire/2359516?stock=1&amp;pbfree=1&amp;rohs=1 packs of 150 or 200] for various lengths for $16.48<br /> *** Beginners might be more comfortable with longer pieces of wire (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/products/153 these packs of 75] for $6.00 each), though &amp;mdash; thoughts?<br /> * Printed circuit board for [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]<br /> ** Do we etch or mill these ourselves? Do we have some batch PCB service (e.g., Seeed, Sparkfun) get them done?<br /> ** First design (EAGLE files [https://gist.github.com/2067344 here]) is 1.70 x 3.00 inches<br /> *** BatchPCB price at that size for 25: $328.75 ($13.15 each)<br /> *** Fusion PCB price at that size for 30: $84.70 ($2.83 each)<br /> **** Fusion PCB price at that size for 50: $84.90 ($1.70 each)<br /> **** Both Fusion PCB prices are with the extra fee for testing all of them (instead of half) since it'd be nice not to have to troubleshoot the boards themselves in addition to the students' work<br /> *** Still have some room in the corner if we're interested in doing anything else with it<br /> <br /> === Components ===<br /> <br /> * LEDs<br /> ** 5mm red x10 ($19.38 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/WP7113SRC%2FDU/754-1274-ND/1747673 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (4017 output, later x6 for Larson scanner)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (Larson scanner)<br /> ** 5mm blue x1 ($4.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461-ND/1922944 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> * Switches<br /> ** SPDT slider x1 ($14.72 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/EG1218/EG1903-ND/101726 Digi-Key]) (Note: We only need SPST, but for some reason those are several times more expensive. Not sure why that is. SPDT will take a tad more explanation, but it shouldn't be that big of a deal.)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (power)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (logic)<br /> * Voltage regulator<br /> ** LM317 x1 ($9.80 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/LM317KCS/296-13869-5-ND/521368 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (regulator)<br /> * Resistors<br /> ** 220 &amp;Omega; x1 ($4.23 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT220R/S220QCT-ND/2617711 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider load), x1 (LM317 R1)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (current limiting)<br /> ** 360 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT360R/S360QCT-ND/2617740 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider top half), x1 (LM317 R2)<br /> ** 1 k&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1K00/S1KQCT-ND/2617685 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider bottom half)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (BJT base current)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (pull-up or pull-down resistor)<br /> ** 180 k&amp;Omega; x2 ($1.50 for 50: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT180K/S180KQCT-ND/2617681 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> ** 1 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1M00/S1MQCT-ND/2617692 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT2M00/S2MQCT-ND/2617726 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R2)<br /> ** 150 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT150R/S150QCT-ND/2617674 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> * Capacitors<br /> ** 0.1 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($2.91 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=20&amp;y=11&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3859-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (LM317 input filter)<br /> ** 0.22 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($5.00 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/FK18Y5V1H224Z/445-4806-ND/2050155 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> ** 0.01 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($4.70 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=7&amp;y=18&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3813-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($15.08 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CT6EP205/CT6EP205-ND/738311 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> * Transistors<br /> ** 2N3904 x1 ($6.90 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/2N3904-AP/2N3904-APCT-ND/950591 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (switch for output LED)<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** x1 ($6.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/PT334-6C/1080-1159-ND/2675650 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light sensor)<br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** NE555N x1 ($6.99 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/NE555N/497-1963-5-ND/599557 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (oscillator)<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** 74HC4017 x1 ($17.05 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/M74HC4017B1R/497-1835-5-ND/591928 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (counter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (counter)<br /> * OR gates<br /> ** 74HC32 x1 ($6.88 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/SN74HC32N/296-1589-5-ND/277235 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (count reverser)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (count reverser)</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-2-555-potentiometer.svg&diff=7107 2012-04-05T03:10:58Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Category:Intro_to_Electronics This is the third lesson of Week 4 of the Intro to Electronics class. It introduces students to potentiometers by using one to control the output frequency of a 555-based astable multivibrator circuit.</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> This is the third lesson of Week 4 of the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. It introduces students to potentiometers by using one to control the output frequency of a 555-based astable multivibrator circuit.</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-1-555-LED.svg&diff=7106 2012-04-05T03:08:41Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Category:Intro_to_Electronics This is the second less of Week 4 of the Intro to Electronics class. It simply uses the previous lesson to make a blue LED blink.</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> This is the second less of Week 4 of the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. It simply uses [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-0-555.svg|the previous lesson]] to make a blue LED blink.</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week4-0-555.svg&diff=7105 2012-04-05T03:06:09Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Category:Intro_to_Electronics This is the first lesson of Week 4 of the Intro to Electronics class. It shows how to connect a 555 timer IC for operation as an astable multivibrator.</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> This is the first lesson of Week 4 of the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. It shows how to connect a 555 timer IC for operation as an astable multivibrator.</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Intro_to_Electronics&diff=7057 2012-04-04T16:27:33Z

<p>Myersjustinc: /* Week 3: Optoelectronics */ Switched schematic link</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> == Concept ==<br /> <br /> The idea behind this course structure is for six sessions held a week apart. In order to provide a tangible end for students to feel like they’re working toward, each week will have a project; students will be walked through building that project and completing it by the end of the session.<br /> <br /> In that sense, each week stands alone &amp;mdash; a project started in one week does not need a future week in order to be complete. That said, later projects will depend on the knowledge gained in previous projects, and some of them will even be based on previous projects. (For example, [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5’s project]] is a Larson scanner, and it uses [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4’s project]] &amp;mdash; a typical 555-based astable multivibrator circuit &amp;mdash; to provide its clock signal.)<br /> <br /> The course starts with a few basic circuit components (a voltage source, a resistor and an LED) and an explanation of typical prototyping equipment (breadboard and multimeter) and builds up to include regulated power supplies, basic optoelectronics and eventually digital logic.<br /> <br /> It does not (at least in this draft) include much in the way of detailed exploration of analog electronics; it’s intended more as an introduction to the field of hobbyist electronics as a whole and to an assortment of the basic components one might find in a variety of projects.<br /> <br /> Suggestions are, of course, welcome, as are other potential projects to use in place of some of the ones listed here. (In particular, a good introductory op-amp project might be handy to have.) I’ve listed [[Intro to Electronics#Components|component prices]] for 25 students; my goal would be to keep the cost per student at $25 or less &amp;mdash; preferably more in the $20 range.<br /> <br /> == Syllabus ==<br /> <br /> === Week 1: Getting familiar with components ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Light an LED with AA batteries and an on-off switch<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How is it organized?<br /> ** Why is it useful?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's a breadboard<br /> * LED<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Not at the P/N junction level<br /> *** Current goes in, light comes out<br /> *** Current only flows in one direction (diode!)<br /> *** Too much current = bad<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one into the breadboard<br /> * Battery<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Roughly constant voltage source for a while<br /> *** Discharges over time &amp;mdash; voltage decreases<br /> **** Definition of &quot;dead&quot;<br /> *** Maybe some chemistry? Doubtful, though<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Batteries (three or four AAs) in a holder<br /> *** Plug them into the breadboard<br /> * Switch<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Define poles and throws<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one (SPST) into the breadboard<br /> * Resistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law<br /> **** Units of measurement<br /> ***** Ohm<br /> ***** Ampere<br /> ***** Volt<br /> *** Non-polarized<br /> *** Describe color codes<br /> **** Give resources &amp;mdash; memorizing is a bit daunting right now, I imagine<br /> *** Tolerances &amp;mdash; nothing's perfect<br /> **** What does a &amp;plusmn;5% tolerance mean?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Pick a resistor and plug it in to the breadboard<br /> *** Select using Ohm's Law<br /> * Schematic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Symbols<br /> *** LED<br /> *** Battery (DC source)<br /> *** Switch<br /> *** Resistor<br /> *** Ground!<br /> **** Define ground<br /> ** Draw one<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Connect components to match [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-0-LED.svg|this schematic (tested April 2, 2012)]]<br /> *** Moment of truth: Turn it on!<br /> <br /> === Week 2: Test equipment ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a power supply<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Review units of measurement<br /> *** Ohm<br /> *** Ampere<br /> *** Volt<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Measure [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|last week's LED circuit]]<br /> *** Voltages at different nodes<br /> *** Current through LED branch?<br /> *** Resistance of current-limiting resistor<br /> * Voltage divider<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law!<br /> *** Walk through the analysis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Build one ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-0-divider.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure no-load output voltage<br /> * Regulated versus unregulated power supply<br /> ** What's the difference?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add a load to the voltage divider ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-1-divider-loaded.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure difference in output voltage<br /> *** Why does this happen?<br /> **** Equivalent resistances in series and in parallel<br /> * Datasheet<br /> ** What are they?<br /> ** How can you find them?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's an LM317 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-2-LM317.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Look up example circuits in [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm117.pdf the datasheet]<br /> * Capacitor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Polarized (electrolytic) versus non-polarized (ceramic)<br /> *** Filter capacitors<br /> **** Show them on the datasheet's example circuit<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Build the example circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-3-LM317-filtered.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> **** Measure input voltage over time with and without filter capacitors<br /> ***** Not sure if we'll be able to notice on the multimeter<br /> * Oscilloscope (if there's time)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Time axis<br /> *** Voltage axis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Look at regulator's output waveform<br /> *** Vary load and see what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 3: Optoelectronics ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a night light (Many thanks to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight EMSL])<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** What does it take to light one?<br /> *** Remember to limit current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Light one<br /> *** Probably just rebuild [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1's circuit]] ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-0-LED.svg|schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]]), though you really don't even need the switch for this<br /> * Transistor (BJT)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Amplifier<br /> *** Switch &amp;mdash; what we'll focus on for now<br /> ** What are the different terminals?<br /> *** Base<br /> *** Collector<br /> *** Emitter<br /> ** NPN versus PNP<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Use one to control the LED ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-1-BJT.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Apply light instead of base current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add one to our circuit to switch the other transistor ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-2-phototransistor.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> *** Should look essentially identical to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight the EMSL circuit], except that we'll keep a current-limiting resistor in series with the LED<br /> *** Note: This phototransistor (like many others) is mainly sensitive to infrared and will consider a room lit only by fluorescent bulbs to be &quot;dark&quot;. Bring around a different lamp to test the projects.<br /> * Bonus: Start talking about digital logic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Logic gates<br /> *** High-level explanation<br /> *** Names: AND, OR, NOT (maybe XOR)<br /> *** Show examples of 7400-series ICs<br /> ** Show a schematic of a NOT gate (for example: [http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#inverter this one], [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-3-NOT.svg|presentation schematic here]])<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Compare the NOT gate schematic to our night light<br /> *** We've made one with a phototransistor!<br /> *** Could have been done with a normal transistor, too<br /> *** Way less useful that way<br /> <br /> === Week 4: Oscillators — and the venerable 555 ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a 555 circuit to blink an LED<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** High-level explanation, though more detail can come afterward for anyone who wants to know<br /> *** Modes of operation<br /> **** Look at [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ne555.pdf the datasheet]<br /> **** We're interested in the astable multivibrator<br /> ***** What does that mean?<br /> ** What crazy things do people do with it? ([http://www.555contest.com/ All kinds of things.])<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Wire one up<br /> *** Show output on an oscilloscope<br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** Look up forward voltages<br /> *** Use a different LED this time (maybe blue!)<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Figure out an appropriate current-limiting resistor<br /> *** Hook it up to the output of the 555<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use one?<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Measure resistances between different terminals<br /> *** Could have used it in [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]] to vary regulator output voltage<br /> ** '''Another hands-on:''' Replace one of the 555 frequency-setting resistors<br /> *** Change its resistance and watch what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 5: Digital logic ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a Larson scanner (Schematic (more or less) from [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/CylonOLantern EMSL])<br /> <br /> * Use [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4's 555 project]] for the clock signal<br /> ** Can change resistor values to EMSL values at the end to change speed<br /> * Probably leave out the low-pass filter because of time and cost<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Digital logic (in general)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Compare to analog electronics &amp;mdash; also has cool applications<br /> ** What can I do with it?<br /> *** State machines<br /> *** Multiplexers<br /> *** Counters<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Manual logic switch<br /> *** SPST on a line with a pull-up (or pull-down) resistor<br /> **** How does such a resistor work? What does it do?<br /> *** Watch it on a multimeter<br /> **** How does it differ from the SPST without the resistor?<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Hook one up to power<br /> *** Use the logic switch we just built to control the counter's clock signal<br /> *** Watch what happens &amp;mdash; maybe connect each output pin to an LED to make it more obvious?<br /> * 555 (review)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** What did we do with one in [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]?<br /> *** Astable multivibrator!<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Use it as the clock signal<br /> *** 555 output pin connects to counter clock pin<br /> *** Use resistor values from [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/CylonOLantern EMSL tutorial]<br /> * OR gate<br /> ** Review logic gates (if we got to them at the end of [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]])<br /> ** Why are we interested in these?<br /> *** Plot out Larson scanner details/excitation table<br /> ** We need four of them<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add them to the circuit<br /> *** Watch the lights scan back and forth<br /> <br /> === Week 6: Soldering ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Solder [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5's project]] on a printed circuit board<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Solder<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use it?<br /> ** Leaded versus lead-free<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Here's some solder<br /> * Soldering iron<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I clean and tin the tip?<br /> ** '''Demo:''' How do I form a good solder joint?<br /> *** Heat both terminals<br /> *** Apply solder<br /> ** Examples of solder joints<br /> *** Ideal<br /> *** Cold<br /> *** Bridged<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder two wires together<br /> * Printed circuit board<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Fiberglass<br /> *** Copper traces/pads<br /> *** Drilled holes/plated vias<br /> *** Silkscreened markings<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder a component<br /> * Assembly<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Finish the board!<br /> * Bonus: Do I need one of these? (Other ways to mount circuits)<br /> ** Prototyping board, layout tools, etching (chemical and mechanical)<br /> <br /> == Bill of materials ==<br /> <br /> Pricing assumes 25 kits with no special discounts (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2010/06/01/big-news-all-hacker-spaces-in-the-world-get-adafruit-reseller-pricing-starting-today/ Adafruit hackerspace discount]). Total cost &amp;mdash; not including breadboard jumpers, multimeter, PCB and shipping for all of these things &amp;mdash; comes out to $368.20 (or $14.73 per person).<br /> <br /> === Equipment ===<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** Relatively inexpensive (but maybe more than we want students to spend)<br /> ** Voltage, current, resistance, continuity<br /> *** Diode test would be nice to have<br /> ** Do we want people to get their own, or do we want to use the space's?<br /> *** MAS830 ($337.50 for 25: [http://www.adafruit.com/products/71 Adafruit])<br /> *** Does the space have enough working meters? (If not, can we convince some place to donate some more?)<br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** Full size x1 ($180 for 25: [https://www.adafruit.com/products/239 Adafruit])<br /> * Battery holder<br /> ** 4xAA x1 ($21.18 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/BH14AAW/BH14AAW-ND/66735 Digi-Key])<br /> * Batteries<br /> ** Alkaline AA x4 ($33.48 for 100-pack: [http://www.amazon.com/Duracell-Coppertop-MN1500-Batteries-Count/dp/B006W9QIM2/ Amazon])<br /> <br /> === Things we could make ourselves ===<br /> <br /> * Assorted breadboard jumpers<br /> ** We could cut these ourselves to reduce cost, assuming we have enough small solid-core wire<br /> ** Apparently Digi-Key also sells these in [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/cat/prototyping-products/jumper-wire/2359516?stock=1&amp;pbfree=1&amp;rohs=1 packs of 150 or 200] for various lengths for $16.48<br /> *** Beginners might be more comfortable with longer pieces of wire (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/products/153 these packs of 75] for $6.00 each), though &amp;mdash; thoughts?<br /> * Printed circuit board for [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]<br /> ** Do we etch or mill these ourselves? Do we have some batch PCB service (e.g., Seeed, Sparkfun) get them done?<br /> ** First design (EAGLE files [https://gist.github.com/2067344 here]) is 1.70 x 3.00 inches<br /> *** BatchPCB price at that size for 25: $328.75 ($13.15 each)<br /> *** Fusion PCB price at that size for 30: $84.70 ($2.83 each)<br /> **** Fusion PCB price at that size for 50: $84.90 ($1.70 each)<br /> **** Both Fusion PCB prices are with the extra fee for testing all of them (instead of half) since it'd be nice not to have to troubleshoot the boards themselves in addition to the students' work<br /> *** Still have some room in the corner if we're interested in doing anything else with it<br /> <br /> === Components ===<br /> <br /> * LEDs<br /> ** 5mm red x10 ($19.38 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/WP7113SRC%2FDU/754-1274-ND/1747673 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (4017 output, later x6 for Larson scanner)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (Larson scanner)<br /> ** 5mm blue x1 ($4.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461-ND/1922944 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> * Switches<br /> ** SPDT slider x1 ($14.72 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/EG1218/EG1903-ND/101726 Digi-Key]) (Note: We only need SPST, but for some reason those are several times more expensive. Not sure why that is. SPDT will take a tad more explanation, but it shouldn't be that big of a deal.)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (power)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (logic)<br /> * Voltage regulator<br /> ** LM317 x1 ($9.80 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/LM317KCS/296-13869-5-ND/521368 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (regulator)<br /> * Resistors<br /> ** 220 &amp;Omega; x1 ($4.23 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT220R/S220QCT-ND/2617711 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider load), x1 (LM317 R1)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (current limiting)<br /> ** 360 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT360R/S360QCT-ND/2617740 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider top half), x1 (LM317 R2)<br /> ** 1 k&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1K00/S1KQCT-ND/2617685 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider bottom half)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (BJT base current)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (pull-up or pull-down resistor)<br /> ** 180 k&amp;Omega; x2 ($1.50 for 50: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT180K/S180KQCT-ND/2617681 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> ** 1 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1M00/S1MQCT-ND/2617692 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT2M00/S2MQCT-ND/2617726 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R2)<br /> ** 150 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT150R/S150QCT-ND/2617674 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> * Capacitors<br /> ** 0.1 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($2.91 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=20&amp;y=11&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3859-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (LM317 input filter)<br /> ** 0.22 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($5.00 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/FK18Y5V1H224Z/445-4806-ND/2050155 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> ** 0.01 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($4.70 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=7&amp;y=18&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3813-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($15.08 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CT6EP205/CT6EP205-ND/738311 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> * Transistors<br /> ** 2N3904 x1 ($6.90 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/2N3904-AP/2N3904-APCT-ND/950591 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (switch for output LED)<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** x1 ($6.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/PT334-6C/1080-1159-ND/2675650 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light sensor)<br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** NE555N x1 ($6.99 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/NE555N/497-1963-5-ND/599557 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (oscillator)<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** 74HC4017 x1 ($17.05 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/M74HC4017B1R/497-1835-5-ND/591928 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (counter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (counter)<br /> * OR gates<br /> ** 74HC32 x1 ($6.88 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/SN74HC32N/296-1589-5-ND/277235 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (count reverser)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (count reverser)</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=User:Myersjustinc&diff=7048 2012-04-04T15:41:36Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Added content!</p> <hr /> <div>I'm a developer for the [http://newshour.pbs.org/ PBS NewsHour] and am usually around the space on Monday nights. Right now I'm working on putting together the [[Intro to Electronics]] class.</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Outline&diff=6742 2012-04-03T15:30:32Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Added link to Intro to Electronics class</p> <hr /> <div>Here is the proposed outline for the HacDC Wiki, implemented with Category: tags. <br /> Editing this outline page will get to be a pain so eventually we should use the [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:CategoryTree Category Tree] extension to update it automatically.<br /> <br /> [[:Category:MainTopics|Main Topics]]<br /> # [[:Category:HacDC_Info|HacDC Info]]<br /> ## [[:Category:HacDC_Docs|HacDC Docs]]<br /> ## [[:Category:Meeting Minutes|Meeting Minutes]]<br /> ## [[:Category:HacDC_Space|HacDC Space]]<br /> ## [[:Category:Stuff|HacDC Stuff]]<br /> ## [[:Category:HacDC_Systems|HacDC Systems]]<br /> # [[:Category:Classes|Classes]]<br /> ## [[:Category:Intro_to_Electronics|Intro to Electronics]]<br /> ## [[:Category:AVR_Class]]<br /> ## [[:Category:Bike_Maintenance_Class]]<br /> ## [[:Category:FPGA_Class]]<br /> ## [[:Category:Robot_Class]]<br /> # [[:Category:Equipment]]<br /> ## [[:Category:Lathe]]<br /> ## [[:Category:Makerbot]]<br /> ## [[:Category:Reprap]]<br /> # [[:Category:Events]]<br /> ## [[:Category:ShmooCon]]<br /> # [[:Category:People]]<br /> ## [[:Category:Members]]<br /> ## [[:Category:BOD]]<br /> ## [[:Category:Former_Members]]<br /> ## [[:Category:HacDC_Friends]]<br /> # [[:Category:Projects]]<br /> ## [[:Category:Byzantium]]<br /> ## [[:Category:SpaceBlimp]]<br /> # [[:Category:Useful_Info]]<br /> ## [[:Category:Travel_Info]]<br /> # [[:Category:Obsolete]]</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=Intro_to_Electronics&diff=6741 2012-04-03T15:29:10Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Trying out a category shuffle here</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> == Concept ==<br /> <br /> The idea behind this course structure is for six sessions held a week apart. In order to provide a tangible end for students to feel like they’re working toward, each week will have a project; students will be walked through building that project and completing it by the end of the session.<br /> <br /> In that sense, each week stands alone &amp;mdash; a project started in one week does not need a future week in order to be complete. That said, later projects will depend on the knowledge gained in previous projects, and some of them will even be based on previous projects. (For example, [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5’s project]] is a Larson scanner, and it uses [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4’s project]] &amp;mdash; a typical 555-based astable multivibrator circuit &amp;mdash; to provide its clock signal.)<br /> <br /> The course starts with a few basic circuit components (a voltage source, a resistor and an LED) and an explanation of typical prototyping equipment (breadboard and multimeter) and builds up to include regulated power supplies, basic optoelectronics and eventually digital logic.<br /> <br /> It does not (at least in this draft) include much in the way of detailed exploration of analog electronics; it’s intended more as an introduction to the field of hobbyist electronics as a whole and to an assortment of the basic components one might find in a variety of projects.<br /> <br /> Suggestions are, of course, welcome, as are other potential projects to use in place of some of the ones listed here. (In particular, a good introductory op-amp project might be handy to have.) I’ve listed [[Intro to Electronics#Components|component prices]] for 25 students; my goal would be to keep the cost per student at $25 or less &amp;mdash; preferably more in the $20 range.<br /> <br /> == Syllabus ==<br /> <br /> === Week 1: Getting familiar with components ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Light an LED with AA batteries and an on-off switch<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How is it organized?<br /> ** Why is it useful?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's a breadboard<br /> * LED<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Not at the P/N junction level<br /> *** Current goes in, light comes out<br /> *** Current only flows in one direction (diode!)<br /> *** Too much current = bad<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one into the breadboard<br /> * Battery<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Roughly constant voltage source for a while<br /> *** Discharges over time &amp;mdash; voltage decreases<br /> **** Definition of &quot;dead&quot;<br /> *** Maybe some chemistry? Doubtful, though<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Batteries (three or four AAs) in a holder<br /> *** Plug them into the breadboard<br /> * Switch<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Define poles and throws<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Plug one (SPST) into the breadboard<br /> * Resistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law<br /> **** Units of measurement<br /> ***** Ohm<br /> ***** Ampere<br /> ***** Volt<br /> *** Non-polarized<br /> *** Describe color codes<br /> **** Give resources &amp;mdash; memorizing is a bit daunting right now, I imagine<br /> *** Tolerances &amp;mdash; nothing's perfect<br /> **** What does a &amp;plusmn;5% tolerance mean?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Pick a resistor and plug it in to the breadboard<br /> *** Select using Ohm's Law<br /> * Schematic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Symbols<br /> *** LED<br /> *** Battery (DC source)<br /> *** Switch<br /> *** Resistor<br /> *** Ground!<br /> **** Define ground<br /> ** Draw one<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Connect components to match [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-0-LED.svg|this schematic (tested April 2, 2012)]]<br /> *** Moment of truth: Turn it on!<br /> <br /> === Week 2: Test equipment ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a power supply<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Review units of measurement<br /> *** Ohm<br /> *** Ampere<br /> *** Volt<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Measure [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|last week's LED circuit]]<br /> *** Voltages at different nodes<br /> *** Current through LED branch?<br /> *** Resistance of current-limiting resistor<br /> * Voltage divider<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Ohm's Law!<br /> *** Walk through the analysis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Build one ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-0-divider.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure no-load output voltage<br /> * Regulated versus unregulated power supply<br /> ** What's the difference?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add a load to the voltage divider ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-1-divider-loaded.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Measure difference in output voltage<br /> *** Why does this happen?<br /> **** Equivalent resistances in series and in parallel<br /> * Datasheet<br /> ** What are they?<br /> ** How can you find them?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Here's an LM317 ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-2-LM317.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> *** Look up example circuits in [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm117.pdf the datasheet]<br /> * Capacitor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Polarized (electrolytic) versus non-polarized (ceramic)<br /> *** Filter capacitors<br /> **** Show them on the datasheet's example circuit<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Build the example circuit ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week2-3-LM317-filtered.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012)]])<br /> **** Measure input voltage over time with and without filter capacitors<br /> ***** Not sure if we'll be able to notice on the multimeter<br /> * Oscilloscope (if there's time)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Time axis<br /> *** Voltage axis<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Look at regulator's output waveform<br /> *** Vary load and see what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 3: Optoelectronics ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a night light (Many thanks to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight EMSL])<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** What does it take to light one?<br /> *** Remember to limit current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Light one<br /> *** Probably just rebuild [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1's circuit]] ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-0-LED.svg|schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]]), though you really don't even need the switch for this<br /> * Transistor (BJT)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Amplifier<br /> *** Switch &amp;mdash; what we'll focus on for now<br /> ** What are the different terminals?<br /> *** Base<br /> *** Collector<br /> *** Emitter<br /> ** NPN versus PNP<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Use one to control the LED ([[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-1-BJT.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** Apply light instead of base current<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add one to our circuit to switch the other transistor ([[Media:Week3-2-phototransistor.svg|Schematic here (tested April 2, 2012]])<br /> *** Should look essentially identical to [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight the EMSL circuit], except that we'll keep a current-limiting resistor in series with the LED<br /> *** Note: This phototransistor (like many others) is mainly sensitive to infrared and will consider a room lit only by fluorescent bulbs to be &quot;dark&quot;. Bring around a different lamp to test the projects.<br /> * Bonus: Start talking about digital logic<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** Logic gates<br /> *** High-level explanation<br /> *** Names: AND, OR, NOT (maybe XOR)<br /> *** Show examples of 7400-series ICs<br /> ** Show a schematic of a NOT gate (for example: [http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#inverter this one], [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-3-NOT.svg|presentation schematic here]])<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Compare the NOT gate schematic to our night light<br /> *** We've made one with a phototransistor!<br /> *** Could have been done with a normal transistor, too<br /> *** Way less useful that way<br /> <br /> === Week 4: Oscillators — and the venerable 555 ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a 555 circuit to blink an LED<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> *** High-level explanation, though more detail can come afterward for anyone who wants to know<br /> *** Modes of operation<br /> **** Look at [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ne555.pdf the datasheet]<br /> **** We're interested in the astable multivibrator<br /> ***** What does that mean?<br /> ** What crazy things do people do with it? ([http://www.555contest.com/ All kinds of things.])<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Wire one up<br /> *** Show output on an oscilloscope<br /> * LED (review)<br /> ** Look up forward voltages<br /> *** Use a different LED this time (maybe blue!)<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Figure out an appropriate current-limiting resistor<br /> *** Hook it up to the output of the 555<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use one?<br /> *** '''Hands-on:''' Measure resistances between different terminals<br /> *** Could have used it in [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]] to vary regulator output voltage<br /> ** '''Another hands-on:''' Replace one of the 555 frequency-setting resistors<br /> *** Change its resistance and watch what happens!<br /> <br /> === Week 5: Digital logic ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Build a Larson scanner (Schematic (more or less) from [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/CylonOLantern EMSL])<br /> <br /> * Use [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4's 555 project]] for the clock signal<br /> ** Can change resistor values to EMSL values at the end to change speed<br /> * Probably leave out the low-pass filter because of time and cost<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Digital logic (in general)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Compare to analog electronics &amp;mdash; also has cool applications<br /> ** What can I do with it?<br /> *** State machines<br /> *** Multiplexers<br /> *** Counters<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Manual logic switch<br /> *** SPST on a line with a pull-up (or pull-down) resistor<br /> **** How does such a resistor work? What does it do?<br /> *** Watch it on a multimeter<br /> **** How does it differ from the SPST without the resistor?<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How does it work?<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Hook one up to power<br /> *** Use the logic switch we just built to control the counter's clock signal<br /> *** Watch what happens &amp;mdash; maybe connect each output pin to an LED to make it more obvious?<br /> * 555 (review)<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** What did we do with one in [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]?<br /> *** Astable multivibrator!<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Use it as the clock signal<br /> *** 555 output pin connects to counter clock pin<br /> *** Use resistor values from [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/CylonOLantern EMSL tutorial]<br /> * OR gate<br /> ** Review logic gates (if we got to them at the end of [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]])<br /> ** Why are we interested in these?<br /> *** Plot out Larson scanner details/excitation table<br /> ** We need four of them<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Add them to the circuit<br /> *** Watch the lights scan back and forth<br /> <br /> === Week 6: Soldering ===<br /> <br /> '''Goal:''' Solder [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5's project]] on a printed circuit board<br /> <br /> Explanations:<br /> <br /> * Solder<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I use it?<br /> ** Leaded versus lead-free<br /> ** '''Hands-on (ish):''' Here's some solder<br /> * Soldering iron<br /> ** What is it?<br /> ** How do I clean and tin the tip?<br /> ** '''Demo:''' How do I form a good solder joint?<br /> *** Heat both terminals<br /> *** Apply solder<br /> ** Examples of solder joints<br /> *** Ideal<br /> *** Cold<br /> *** Bridged<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder two wires together<br /> * Printed circuit board<br /> ** What is it?<br /> *** Fiberglass<br /> *** Copper traces/pads<br /> *** Drilled holes/plated vias<br /> *** Silkscreened markings<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Solder a component<br /> * Assembly<br /> ** '''Hands-on:''' Finish the board!<br /> * Bonus: Do I need one of these? (Other ways to mount circuits)<br /> ** Prototyping board, layout tools, etching (chemical and mechanical)<br /> <br /> == Bill of materials ==<br /> <br /> Pricing assumes 25 kits with no special discounts (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2010/06/01/big-news-all-hacker-spaces-in-the-world-get-adafruit-reseller-pricing-starting-today/ Adafruit hackerspace discount]). Total cost &amp;mdash; not including breadboard jumpers, multimeter, PCB and shipping for all of these things &amp;mdash; comes out to $368.20 (or $14.73 per person).<br /> <br /> === Equipment ===<br /> <br /> * Multimeter<br /> ** Relatively inexpensive (but maybe more than we want students to spend)<br /> ** Voltage, current, resistance, continuity<br /> *** Diode test would be nice to have<br /> ** Do we want people to get their own, or do we want to use the space's?<br /> *** MAS830 ($337.50 for 25: [http://www.adafruit.com/products/71 Adafruit])<br /> *** Does the space have enough working meters? (If not, can we convince some place to donate some more?)<br /> * Breadboard<br /> ** Full size x1 ($180 for 25: [https://www.adafruit.com/products/239 Adafruit])<br /> * Battery holder<br /> ** 4xAA x1 ($21.18 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/BH14AAW/BH14AAW-ND/66735 Digi-Key])<br /> * Batteries<br /> ** Alkaline AA x4 ($33.48 for 100-pack: [http://www.amazon.com/Duracell-Coppertop-MN1500-Batteries-Count/dp/B006W9QIM2/ Amazon])<br /> <br /> === Things we could make ourselves ===<br /> <br /> * Assorted breadboard jumpers<br /> ** We could cut these ourselves to reduce cost, assuming we have enough small solid-core wire<br /> ** Apparently Digi-Key also sells these in [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/cat/prototyping-products/jumper-wire/2359516?stock=1&amp;pbfree=1&amp;rohs=1 packs of 150 or 200] for various lengths for $16.48<br /> *** Beginners might be more comfortable with longer pieces of wire (e.g., [http://www.adafruit.com/products/153 these packs of 75] for $6.00 each), though &amp;mdash; thoughts?<br /> * Printed circuit board for [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]<br /> ** Do we etch or mill these ourselves? Do we have some batch PCB service (e.g., Seeed, Sparkfun) get them done?<br /> ** First design (EAGLE files [https://gist.github.com/2067344 here]) is 1.70 x 3.00 inches<br /> *** BatchPCB price at that size for 25: $328.75 ($13.15 each)<br /> *** Fusion PCB price at that size for 30: $84.70 ($2.83 each)<br /> **** Fusion PCB price at that size for 50: $84.90 ($1.70 each)<br /> **** Both Fusion PCB prices are with the extra fee for testing all of them (instead of half) since it'd be nice not to have to troubleshoot the boards themselves in addition to the students' work<br /> *** Still have some room in the corner if we're interested in doing anything else with it<br /> <br /> === Components ===<br /> <br /> * LEDs<br /> ** 5mm red x10 ($19.38 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/WP7113SRC%2FDU/754-1274-ND/1747673 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (4017 output, later x6 for Larson scanner)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (Larson scanner)<br /> ** 5mm blue x1 ($4.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461/C503B-BCS-CV0Z0461-ND/1922944 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 output)<br /> * Switches<br /> ** SPDT slider x1 ($14.72 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/EG1218/EG1903-ND/101726 Digi-Key]) (Note: We only need SPST, but for some reason those are several times more expensive. Not sure why that is. SPDT will take a tad more explanation, but it shouldn't be that big of a deal.)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (power)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (logic)<br /> * Voltage regulator<br /> ** LM317 x1 ($9.80 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/LM317KCS/296-13869-5-ND/521368 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (regulator)<br /> * Resistors<br /> ** 220 &amp;Omega; x1 ($4.23 for 250: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT220R/S220QCT-ND/2617711 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_1:_Getting_familiar_with_components|Week 1]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider load), x1 (LM317 R1)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x10 (current limiting)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x6 (current limiting)<br /> ** 360 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT360R/S360QCT-ND/2617740 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider top half), x1 (LM317 R2)<br /> ** 1 k&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1K00/S1KQCT-ND/2617685 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (voltage divider bottom half)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (BJT base current)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (pull-up or pull-down resistor)<br /> ** 180 k&amp;Omega; x2 ($1.50 for 50: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT180K/S180KQCT-ND/2617681 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x2 (555 R1, 555 R2)<br /> ** 1 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT1M00/S1MQCT-ND/2617692 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT2M00/S2MQCT-ND/2617726 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R2)<br /> ** 150 &amp;Omega; x1 ($1.38 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CFM14JT150R/S150QCT-ND/2617674 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (current limiting)<br /> * Capacitors<br /> ** 0.1 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($2.91 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=20&amp;y=11&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3859-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_2:_Test_equipment|Week 2]]: x1 (LM317 input filter)<br /> ** 0.22 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($5.00 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/FK18Y5V1H224Z/445-4806-ND/2050155 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 C)<br /> ** 0.01 &amp;micro;F ceramic x1 ($4.70 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?x=7&amp;y=18&amp;lang=en&amp;site=us&amp;KeyWords=490-3813-ND Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (555 filter)<br /> * Potentiometer<br /> ** 2 M&amp;Omega; x1 ($15.08 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/CT6EP205/CT6EP205-ND/738311 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (555 R1)<br /> * Transistors<br /> ** 2N3904 x1 ($6.90 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/2N3904-AP/2N3904-APCT-ND/950591 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (switch for output LED)<br /> * Phototransistor<br /> ** x1 ($6.75 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/PT334-6C/1080-1159-ND/2675650 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_3:_Optoelectronics|Week 3]]: x1 (light sensor)<br /> * 555 timer<br /> ** NE555N x1 ($6.99 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/NE555N/497-1963-5-ND/599557 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_4:_Oscillators_.E2.80.94_and_the_venerable_555|Week 4]]: x1 (oscillator)<br /> * Decimal counter<br /> ** 74HC4017 x1 ($17.05 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/M74HC4017B1R/497-1835-5-ND/591928 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (counter)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (counter)<br /> * OR gates<br /> ** 74HC32 x1 ($6.88 for 25: [http://search.digikey.com/us/en/products/SN74HC32N/296-1589-5-ND/277235 Digi-Key])<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_5:_Digital_logic|Week 5]]: x1 (count reverser)<br /> *** [[Intro to Electronics#Week_6:_Soldering|Week 6]]: x1 (count reverser)</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-3-NOT.svg&diff=6740 2012-04-03T14:49:10Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Added class category and longer description</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> This is a reference schematic only (based on [http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#inverter this page] and redrawn to match the style of the rest of the class materials) and is meant for use at the end of Week 3 of the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. It explains [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-2-phototransistor.svg|the week's final project]] in the context of digital logic &amp;mdash; specifically, a NOT gate.</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-2-phototransistor.svg&diff=6739 2012-04-03T14:47:12Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Category:Intro_to_Electronics This is the third project in Week 3 of the Intro to Electronics class. In this project, students use a phototransistor to build a night light based on [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight this post </p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> This is the third project in Week 3 of the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. In this project, students use a phototransistor to build a night light based on [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/nightlight this post from Evil Mad Scientist Laboratories].</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-1-BJT.svg&diff=6737 2012-04-03T14:39:40Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Added class category and longer description</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> This is the second project in Week 3 of the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. It uses a 2N3904 to turn on an LED.</div>

Myersjustinc https://old.hacdc.org/index.php?title=File:Intro_to_Electronics-Week3-0-LED.svg&diff=6736 2012-04-03T14:38:29Z

<p>Myersjustinc: Added class category and longer description</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Intro_to_Electronics]]<br /> This is the first project in Week 3 of the [[Intro to Electronics]] class. It reviews the concepts in [[Media:Intro_to_Electronics-Week1-0-LED.svg|Week 1's project]] &amp;mdash; but without the switch.</div>

Myersjustinc